Mechanical behaviour of glued-in rods (carbon and glass fibre-reinforced polymers) for timber structures—An analytical and experimental study.

Highlights • This paper deals with the mechanical response of glued in rods. • It takes into account the diameter of rods, the material of rods and the direction of the grain of the timber. • It gives an overview and presents known design models and technical approvals comparing the different approaches. • Comparison between the experimental results and the main equations of the literature review. • The authors propose one equation for the case where the bars are parallel to the timbers' grain. • In addition, another one for the case where the bars are perpendicular to the timbers' grain. Abstract We address the mechanical response of glued in rods, taking into account parameters such as rod diameter, the material properties of the rods (carbon or glass fibre-reinforced polymer), and the grain orientation of the timber (rods parallel and perpendicular to the timber grain). All the experimental setups employ pull-out tests, where rods are glued in only on one side of the specimen, and these tests are assessed at the premises of the Laboratory for Composite Materials and Composite Structures at the University Claude Bernard Lyon I. In addition, we give an overview and present known design models, technical approvals and regulations, national standards, and guidance papers, comparing the different approaches among them and with the experimental results. Good agreement was shown and further useful results were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]