Cerebellar Liponeurocytoma: The Dilemma of Multifocality.

Background Cerebellar liponeurocytoma (cLNC) is a rare benign glioneuronal tumor with only ~60 cases reported since its first description in 1978. They have occurred largely as sporadic cases; however, familial cases with possible autosomal dominant inheritance have also been reported. Surgical excision has been considered the main modality of treatment, even for recurrent lesions. Uncertainties exist regarding the natural history, long-term outcomes, and optimal postoperative management and follow-up protocols for cLNC in general and multifocal cLNC in particular. Multifocality is exceedingly rare, with only 4 cases reported previously. Case Description We present a case of multifocal cLNC in a young woman who had presented with progressive cerebellar symptoms of 5 months' duration. Her diagnostic neuroimaging evaluations revealed 2 asymmetric mass lesions (1 on each cerebellar hemisphere). We excised the larger lesion to relieve the mass effect and decided to monitor the smaller lesion radiologically. However, she developed a new lesion during the follow-up period and required adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion Surgical excision forms the cornerstone of management of cLNCs. However, it is necessary to vigilantly monitor these patients owing to the high recurrence rates of cLNC despite the innocuous histologic features. Highlights • cLNCs are rare benign glioneuronal tumor with unknown natural history and long-term outcomes. • Multifocality is exceedingly rare, with only 4 cases reported previously. • The clinical course is usually marred by frequent recurrences. • Surgical excision is considered the main treatment modality, even for recurrent lesions. • The optimal postoperative management and follow-up protocol remain controversial particularly for multifocal lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]