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Characterization of Haartman Institute snake virus-1 (HISV-1) and HISV-like viruses—The representatives of genus hartmanivirus, family Arenaviridae.
- Source :
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PLoS Pathogens . 11/14/2018, Vol. 14 Issue 11, p1-29. 29p. - Publication Year :
- 2018
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Abstract
- The family Arenaviridae comprises three genera, Mammarenavirus, Reptarenavirus and the most recently added Hartmanivirus. Arenaviruses have a bisegmented genome with ambisense coding strategy. For mammarenaviruses and reptarenaviruses the L segment encodes the Z protein (ZP) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and the S segment encodes the glycoprotein precursor and the nucleoprotein. Herein we report the full length genome and characterization of Haartman Institute Snake virus-1 (HISV-1), the putative type species of hartmaniviruses. The L segment of HISV-1 lacks an open-reading frame for ZP, and our analysis of purified HISV-1 particles by SDS-PAGE and electron microscopy further support the lack of ZP. Since we originally identified HISV-1 in co-infection with a reptarenavirus, one could hypothesize that co-infecting reptarenavirus provides the ZP to complement HISV-1. However, we observed that co-infection does not markedly affect the amount of hartmanivirus or reptarenavirus RNA released from infected cells in vitro, indicating that HISV-1 does not benefit from reptarenavirus ZP. Furthermore, we succeeded in generating a pure HISV-1 isolate showing the virus to replicate without ZP. Immunofluorescence and ultrastructural studies demonstrate that, unlike reptarenaviruses, HISV-1 does not produce the intracellular inclusion bodies typical for the reptarenavirus-induced boid inclusion body disease (BIBD). While we observed HISV-1 to be slightly cytopathic for cultured boid cells, the histological and immunohistological investigation of HISV-positive snakes showed no evidence of a pathological effect. The histological analyses also revealed that hartmaniviruses, unlike reptarenaviruses, have a limited tissue tropism. By nucleic acid sequencing, de novo genome assembly, and phylogenetic analyses we identified additional four hartmanivirus species. Finally, we screened 71 individuals from a collection of snakes with BIBD by RT-PCR and found 44 to carry hartmaniviruses. These findings suggest that harmaniviruses are common in captive snake populations, but their relevance and pathogenic potential needs yet to be revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- *ARENAVIRUSES
*GENOMES
*GLYCOPROTEINS
*IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE
*IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 15537366
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- PLoS Pathogens
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 133002116
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007415