Exile, resistance and deportation: Circassian opposition to the Kemalists in the South Marmara in 1922-1923.

The article focuses on armed Circassian opposition in South Marmara against the Turkey government. It mentions collective punishment for the Circassians was applied by the Turkey's government and Turkish–Greek War in Western Anatolia convinced Turkey that it would be practically impossible for it to control the region. It also mentions unrest, robbery, burglary and kidnappings during First World War in the South Marmara region.