Air ambient and composition effects of molybdenum oxides on photovoltaic and physical characteristics of screen-printed mono-crystalline silicon solar cells.

Graphical abstract Highlights • Air ambient and composition effects of MoO x were investigated. • Conversion efficiency was found to increase when MoO 2 was exposed to vacuum before Ag evaporation. • Compared with Al contact, the CE improvement of MoO 2.2 /Ag was presented more than 1.1% absolute. • Screen-printed Ag was playing a major role in preventing rapid decay of MoO 2.2 /Ag in air ambient. Abstract Air ambient and composition effects of molybdenum oxides on photovoltaic and physical characteristics of screen-printed mono-crystalline silicon solar cells (SPMSCs) were presented. The conversion efficiency (CE) was found to increase when the specimen of MoO 2 was exposed to vacuum before the silver evaporation. Compared with screen-printed (SP) Al contact, a CE improvement of more than 1.1% absolute from 17.2% to 18.3% in SPMSCs with MoO 2.2 /Ag stacked film as rear hole-selective layer (HSL) was demonstrated. To enhance the reliability of MoO x /Ag HSL, a low-temperature SP silver paste was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]