Effects of gallic acid biofabricated rGO nanosheets combined with radiofrequency radiation for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.

Abstract The combination of biologically active compounds and nanomaterials in biomedicine field is growing rapidly and provided excellent forecasts for the progress of facile non-invasive approaches for the diagnosis of cancer therapy. In this present study, we demonstrated that as-prepared gallic acid (GA) coated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) combined with radiofrequency (RF) ablation has facilitated for the treatment of human renal epithelial cancer (A-489) cells without disturbing the renal proximal epithelial (HK−2) cells. The successful biofabrication of GA onto the rGO nanostructure has been elaborated with the support of peak intensities of diffracted X-ray patterns and Raman spectral visualizations. The micrograph imageries are displayed that the warped and ribbed structure containing wrinkled paper-like arrangement with multilayer structure of rGO with assistance of GA molecules. The synthesized GA-rGO nanomaterials exhibited a very good apoptosis and toxic effect on A-489 renal cancer cells, which was found to exhibit enhanced tumor cytotoxicity in RF combination treatment compared to RF treated alone. Moreover, the results are highly cheering to go for functionalized nanomaterial and RF radiation, combined drug delivery system to overcome the limitation to treat kidney cancers. Highlights • Investigation on combination of bioactive nanomaterials with radiation frequency • Biofabrication of gallic acid on the sheeted reduced graphene oxide nanostructures • Synthesized material facilitated for the human renal epithelial cancer therapy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]