Towards a unified perspective of object shape and motion processing in human dorsal cortex.

Highlights • Object representations are found within both the dorsal and ventral visual pathways. • Dorsal object areas represent 3-D shape, distance, and position information. • Dorsal cortex also integrates information about object motion over time and space. • Both 3-D form and motion are needed to guide object actions in dynamic environments. Abstract Although object-related areas were discovered in human parietal cortex a decade ago, surprisingly little is known about the nature and purpose of these representations, and how they differ from those in the ventral processing stream. In this article, we review evidence for the unique contribution of object areas of dorsal cortex to three-dimensional (3-D) shape representation, the localization of objects in space, and in guiding reaching and grasping actions. We also highlight the role of dorsal cortex in form-motion interaction and spatiotemporal integration, possible functional relationships between 3-D shape and motion processing, and how these processes operate together in the service of supporting goal-directed actions with objects. Fundamental differences between the nature of object representations in the dorsal versus ventral processing streams are considered, with an emphasis on how and why dorsal cortex supports veridical (rather than invariant) representations of objects to guide goal-directed hand actions in dynamic visual environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]