Sound speed dispersion characteristics of three types of shallow sediments in the southern yellow sea.

To accurately characterize sound speed dispersion of shallow sediments in the Southern Yellow Sea, three types of sediments, i.e., silt, clayey silt, and silty clay, were selected to measure the sound speeds at 25-250 kHz. Over the frequency range, the sound speeds vary approximately from 1,536 to 1,565 m s−1 in silt sediment, from 1,511 to 1,527 m s−1 in clayey silt sediment, and from 1,456 to 1,466 m s−1 in silty clay sediment. The sound speed exhibits a slow increase with frequency in a nearly linear gradient, but these three types of sediments have different sound speed dispersion characteristics. The silt sediment with relatively coarse grains has the most significant sound speed dispersion, while the sound speed dispersions of the two others are relatively weak. Comparison between the measured dispersions and the model predictions shows that the grain-shearing model can match the measured data at most of frequencies. Nevertheless, when the grain bulk modulus was assigned 3.2 × 1010 Pa according to relevant references, the Biot-Stoll model predictions were higher than the measured values at high frequencies; when it was assigned a relatively small value of 2.8 × 1010 Pa, the model predictions achieved optimal matching with the measured values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]