Bi-level optimization of laminated composite structures using particle swarm optimization algorithm.

This paper presents an efficient bi-level optimization technique to obtain the optimal stacking sequence for symmetric composite structures. The proposed approach involves two levels of modeling and optimization. The first level of the optimization procedure is used to minimize the weight of the composite structure. At this level, lamination parameters and the number of plies of specified angles (0, ±45 and 90 degree) are design variables, buckling load factor is treated as a constraint, and the weight of the structure is to be minimized using continuous-discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm. Next, at the second level the location of each ply orientation through the thickness (i.e. the layup of the panel) is found. At the second level, optimum stacking sequence is sought to maximize the load bearing capacity of the structure with respect to the buckling. The proposed methodology is applied to two test cases. Results show that the approach improves the buckling load factor of the structure without any weight penalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]