Kidney and pancreas transplants in Jehovah's witnesses: ethical and practical implications

Jehovah''s Witnesses refuse blood transfusions but accept solid organ transplants. Six Jehovah''s Witnesses received a kidney and/or a pancreas transplant in our center. After a mean follow-up of 31.4 months (range: 18 to 39) all the recipients are alive and well with functioning grafts. However, 1 month after grafting, one recipient required blood transfusions. Hemorrhage was ruled out and the anemia was attributed to drug-related toxicity. Thus, Jehovah''s Witnesses can receive a kidney and/or a pancreas transplant without blood transfusions at the time of surgery. However, lifesaving transfusions may be needed later on, which raises additional and unique medical and ethical issues. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]