Changer notre regard sur la « schizophrénie » au XXIe siècle ?: Histoire et perspectives cliniques contemporaines.

The theoretical-clinical approach of schizophrenia has profoundly changed over the last fifty years. A number of scientific, therapeutic and societal factors allowed us to renew our conceptual models of schizophrenia, in parallel with the modification of patients' status. While the theory of degeneration has long contributed to freeze the "schizophrenic" in an irremediably dark destiny, the deinstitutionalization politic, and then the psychosocial rehabilitation, have guided a less determined conception of the disease and centralized care on the interface between the patient and its environment. The concepts of recovery, empowerment and social inclusion, emerging in France, are once again shaking up our ways of understanding schizophrenia, placing resources, experiential knowledge and citizenship at the core of our therapeutic concerns and ethical issues. These new orientations question in depth our practices of care, and at the same time they renew our reflections about the epistemic status of "schizophrenia". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]