Determination and Thermodynamic Analysis of the Solubility of Limonin in Eight Organic Solvents and Ethyl Acetate + 2-Propanol Binary Solvents from 283.2 to 323.2 K.

In the present study, the solubility of limonin in eight organic solvents and a binary solvent system (ethyl acetate + 2-propanol) was determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis method within the temperature range from 283.2 to 323.2 K. The results showed that the solubility of limonin increased with temperature in the eight pure solvents and the binary solvent mixtures. In the binary solvent system ethyl acetate + 2-propanol, the solubility decreased with the initial mole fraction of ethyl acetate. The experimental solubility of limonin was well correlated with temperature by the simplified thermodynamic equation, modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, and NRTL equation. Furthermore, the solubility of limonin in the binary solvent mixtures was correlated with both temperature and initial solvent composition of the binary solvent mixtures by the Jouyban-Acree model, van't Hoff-Jouyban-Acree model, modified Apelblat-Jouyban-Acree model, Ma model, Sun model, and NRTL model. Finally, the thermodynamic properties of the mixing process, including mixing Gibbs energy, mixing enthalpy, and mixing entropy, were also calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]