Back to Search
Start Over
Immunostimulatory effects of sulfated chitosans on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages via the activation of PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway.
- Source :
-
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules . Mar2018, Vol. 108, p1310-1321. 12p. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- To investigate the immunostimulatory effects of chitosan sulfates, we prepared α- and β-chitosan sulfates with different molecular weights and compared their immunostimulatory activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results suggest that β-chitosan sulfates were more active than α-chitosan in promoting nitric oxide (NO) production. Further study show that β-chitosan sulfate significantly promoted the production of NO, prostaglandin E 2 , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β at the levels of transcription and translation. Moreover, Western blots revealed that it induced the phosphorylation of p85 and Akt, and the nuclear translocation of p50/p65 and c-Fos/c-Jun. The luciferase activity of cells pretreated with β-chitosan sulfate further confirmed the nuclear translocation of p50/p65 and c-Fos/c-Jun. Determination of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 expression suggested that β-chitosan sulfate at least partly bound to TLR4. In conclusion, β-chitosan sulfates activate RAW 264.7 cells through the PI3K-Akt pathway, which is dependent on activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-κB activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- *CHITOSAN
*MACROPHAGES
*PROTEIN kinase B
*TOLL-like receptors
*NF-kappa B
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 01418130
- Volume :
- 108
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 127468667
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.042