Computer modelling as a basic research and visualisation tool to research defunct historical mining technologies, using the example of cementation water mining in Smolník (Slovakia).

In the first part of the study, we point out that it is necessary to use 2D and 2.5 (3D) computer modelling when researching defunct or inaccessible historical montane phenomena. Computer models bring new, hitherto unknown information to historic research. In order to obtain the relevant model information, the researcher must use historically-verified information in computer modelling. This can only be obtained through complex and systematic archival and field research. The resulting model delivers much information that the scientist obtains directly by accurate measurement from the models, or their critical qualitative and quantitative evaluation. The second part of the study provides specific examples of research procedures and methodological processing of computer models, including archival research, field research, expert computer modelling, and critical model evaluation. These procedures are presented using the world's second oldest example of mining and commercial use of cementation water in Smolník. After a brief introduction to the history of cementation in Smolník, we present a 2D model of the oldest map view of cementation dating from 1696, a 2.5 (3D) model of mountain landscape with main water facilities in the second half of the 18th century, and a 2.5 (3D) model of the underground area where cementation water was mined -- i.e. what the mining field looked like in the first half of the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]