Effect of Spring Precipitation on Summer Precipitation in Eastern China: Role of Soil Moisture.

The relation of spring (March-May) to summer (July-August) precipitation in eastern China is examined using observed data. It is found that when spring precipitation from the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley to northern China (the YRNC region) is higher (lower), more (less) summer precipitation occurs in northeastern China and the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley, and less (more) in southeastern China. The analysis of physical mechanism showed that higher (lower) spring precipitation in the YRNC region is closely related to wet (dry) spring soil moisture, which decreases (increases) the surface temperature and sensible heat flux in late spring. Because the memory of spring soil moisture in the YRNC region reaches about 2.4 months, the surface thermal anomaly lasts into the subsequent summer, resulting in a weak (strong) East Asian summer monsoon. A weak East Asian summer monsoon corresponds to an anomalous anticyclone and a cyclone over southeastern and northeastern China, respectively, in the lower troposphere. The anomalous anticyclone depresses the summer precipitation in southeastern China, and the anomalous cyclone promotes precipitation over northeastern China. The abnormal northerly and southerly winds associated with the anomalous cyclone and anticyclone, respectively, converge in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley, inducing more summer precipitation there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]