A four-variable refined shear-deformation beam theory for thermo-mechanical vibration analysis of temperature-dependent FGM beams with porosities.

This article proposes a four-variable shear deformation refined beam theory for thermo-mechanical vibration characteristics of porous, functionally graded (FG) beams exposed to various kinds of thermal loadings by using an analytical method. Thermo-mechanical properties of functionally graded material (FGM) beams are supposed to vary through the thickness direction, and are estimated through the modified power-law rule in which the porosities with even and uneven types are approximated. The material properties of FGM beams are supposed to be temperature dependent. Porosities possibly occur inside FGMs during fabrication because of technical problems that lead to the creation of microvoids in these materials. The variation of pores along the thickness direction influences the mechanical properties. Thus, it is incumbent to predict the effect of porosities on the thermo-mechanical vibration behavior of FG beam in the present study. Four types of thermal loading, namely, uniform, linear, nonlinear, and sinusoidal temperature rises through thez-axis direction are discussed. The governing differential equations and boundary conditions of FG porous beams subjected to thermal loadings are formulated through Hamilton's principle, based on a four-variable refined theory that considers a constant transverse displacement and higher order variation of axial displacement through the depth of the beam without the need of any shear correction factors. An analytical solution procedure is used to achieve the natural frequencies of porous FG beams subjected to various temperature fields. The impact of several specific parameters such as power-law exponent, porosity volume fraction, different porosity distribution, and thermal effect on the vibration of the porous FG beams is perused and discussed in detail. It is deduced that these parameters play a notable role on the thermo-dynamic behavior of porous FG beams. Presented numerical results can serve as benchmarks for the future analyses of FG beams with porosity phases. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]