Three-dimensional finite element analyses of T-stress for different experimental specimens.

Due to the non-negligible role of T -stress on fracture parameter, T -stresses of three typical specimens, including central cracked plate (CCP), compact tension specimen (CTS) and four point bending specimen (FPB), are calculated using 3D finite element method. From the results, the tensile dominant specimen like CCP is in a lower-constraint state when the component of mode I is significant, and in a higher-constraint state when the component of mode II is significant, compared with bending dominant specimen like CTS and FPB specimens. Further, the crack initiation angles and plastic zones are assessed for the three specimens based on modified maximum tangential stress (MMTS) and modified R-criterion (MR). From the comparison, the effect of T -stresses or constraints induced by specimen geometries and loading modes play a significant role on crack initiation angle and plastic zone around the crack tip, which in turn can affect the fracture of specimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]