Considering Alternate Sources of Role Identity: Childless Parents and Their Animal 'Kids'.

Identity theory posits that role identity is negotiated between human social actors and is based in broader cultural expectations about how particular statuses should be performed. I argue that the formation of role identity in actors can also occur in relationship to nonhuman actors, if they are perceived as minded. Depending on context and human perception, identity can be formed as a result of interaction and developing 'theory of mind' with nonhuman animals, directly implicating the animal. Using in-depth interviews of childless and childfree companion animal owners, I demonstrate the existence of a parent identity in childless participants that would not otherwise be present were it not for interaction with the animal 'child.' This identity is confirmed in participant narratives describing substantial behavioral output aligned with the U.S. cultural ideal of 'parent.' Likewise, I find that significant others provide external support for the enactment of this role identity, allowing participants to verify self-in-situation. Overall, my analysis emphasizes the importance of considering nonhuman sources as occupying counterstatus positions in the formation of role identity while highlighting how these relationships affect interaction in the childfree and childless home, thus expanding scholarly understanding about both identity formation and emerging family types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]