Recommendations on the use and nonuse of the p value in biomedical research.

The article discusses the authors' views with regards to the use of p value in biomedical research. Topics covered include the noted shortcomings of the p value for drawing conclusions, the proposed alternatives to replace specific uses of p value that are not appropriate, and the study quality and clinical significance when using p value in biomedical research. It also presents the guidelines recommended by the authors for proper use of statistics and interpretation of study findings.