Recent Advances in Enantioselective Brønsted Base Organocatalytic Reactions.

Enantioselective Brønsted base catalyzed reactions have established themselves as powerful tools for the construction of optically pure compounds. Most strategies aim at improving these reactions involve the modification of substrates to decrease the pKa of the acidic proton. Typically, an electron-withdrawing group such as an ester or a fluorine is placed at the a-carbon, where the proton is also residing. The activation of less active proton, thus, becomes a major challenge in this field of research. In order to overcome this pKa barrier, some new innovative approaches have been demonstrated in recent years. The implementation of dual activation modes and the development of organocatalytic Brønsted superbases are selected to be discussed in this minireview. 1 Introduction. 2 Dual Activation Using Lewis Acid and Brønsted Base. 3 Dual Activation Using Iminium Catalyst and Brønsted Base. 4 Chiral Brønsted Superbase. 5 Chiral Ion-Pair Brønsted Base. 6 Summary and Outlook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]