Specifying the effects of physician's communication on patients' outcomes: A randomised controlled trial.

<bold>Objective: </bold>To experimentally test the effects of physician's affect-oriented communication and inducing expectations on outcomes in patients with menstrual pain.<bold>Methods: </bold>Using a 2×2 RCT design, four videotaped simulated medical consultations were used, depicting a physician and a patient with menstrual pain. In the videos, two elements of physician's communication were manipulated: (1) affect-oriented communication (positive: warm, emphatic; versus negative: cold, formal), and (2) outcome expectation induction (positive versus uncertain). Participants (293 women with menstrual pain), acting as analogue patients, viewed one of the four videos. Pre- and post video participants' outcomes (anxiety, mood, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and satisfaction) were assessed.<bold>Results: </bold>Positive affect-oriented communication reduced anxiety (p<0.001), negative mood (p=0.001), and increased satisfaction (p<0.001) compared to negative affect-oriented communication. Positive expectations increased feelings of self-efficacy (p<0.001) and outcome expectancies (p<0.001), compared to uncertain expectations, but did not reduce anxiety. The combination of positive affect-oriented communication and a positive expectation reduced anxiety (p=0.02), increased outcome expectancies (p=0.01) and satisfaction (p=0.001).<bold>Conclusion: </bold>Being empathic and inducing positive expectations have distinct and combined effects, demonstrating that both are needed to influence patients' outcomes for the best.<bold>Practice Implications: </bold>Continued medical training is needed to harness placebo-effects of medical communication into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]