“Whenever the Yankees Were Gone, I Was a Confederate”: Loyalty and Dissent in Civil War–Era Rapides Parish, Louisiana.

The article discusses the concepts of loyalty and dissent in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, during and immediately following the U.S. Civil War, particularly following the signing of loyalty oaths by many residents of the parish in 1864. It discusses the demographic characteristics of oath-takers in Alexandria, Louisiana, the motivations of oath-takers, and the concept of Confederate nationalism. It also discusses the failure of the U.S. Republican Party to gain significant white support after the war.