Geographies of Exclusion: Rethinking Citizenship from the Margins.

Sandro Mezzadra notes that movements of migration are social movements motivated by poverty, political devastation and demands for freedom, which offer challenges to modern citizenship. Within this context, this paper considers how citizenship is practiced 'from the margins.' IR scholars note that globalization reconfigures territory and authority within nation-states, transferring governance to new sites, such as globalizing cities, as places where the marginalized can assert claims to citizenship through their presence in the city. The paper reflects on citizenship-making through other 'urban' spaces arising with globalization such as the slum, detention centre and refugee camp, although focuses here specifically on the space of the camp. Designed as temporary and exceptional spaces to the city and state, they have become permanent features of 'settlement' in the global system in which millions live in increasingly ambiguous statuses as neither fully citizens with rights nor refugees with the right to claim rights. From a perspective of citizenship politics, the paper reflects on these new cartographies of exclusion and the innovative ways that those disenfranchised from citizenship find to claim citizenship. It concludes by drawing out the implications that a politics 'from the margins' can have for disrupting traditional distinctions of territory, status and identity upon which citizenship has traditionally been based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]