Between ethnonationalism and multiculturalism - the quest for a national identity in postwar Bosnia and Kosovo.

In this paper, we examine ethnonationalism and multiculturalism in two countries that have recently been through an ethnic civil war, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo. We analyze how the prevalence of nationalist attitudes on the individual level depends on the local ethnic settlement pattern as well as the previous experience of ethnic violence in the municipality. We combine data on the municipality level with data from the South-East European Social Survey Program (SEESSP) from 2003-2004 and conduct a multilevel analysis for each case. In both countries, we find that multiculturalism dominates over ethnonationalism. We also find a clear difference between local majorities and minorities. Members of local minorities tend to be more supportive of multiculturalism the smaller they are, while the larger the majority, the more nationalistic are the members. In Bosnia- Herzegovina, communities that were hardly hit by the violence show less ethnonationalism, whereas in Kosovo, no such effect can be found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]