Citrus hallabong [( Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis ) × C. reticulata )] exerts potent anti-inflammatory properties in murine splenocytes and TPA-induced murine ear oedema model.

Context:Hallabong [(Citrus unshiu × C.sinensis) XC. reticulata)] (Rutaceae) is a hybrid citrus cultivated in temperate regions of South Korea. Its fruit is well-known for pharmacological properties. Objective:This study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of 80% ethanol extract of Hallabong (HE) on concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocytes and mouse oedema model induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbal acetate (TPA). Materials and methods:Murine splenocytes treated with HE were stimulated with Con A (10 μg/mL, for 24 h) were evaluated for T-cell population and production of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ. Anti-inflammatory effect of topically applied HE (100 μg/20 μL) on TPA (4 μg/20 μL/ear)-induced ear oedema was investigated in mouse model. Results:HE-treated Con A-stimulated murine splenocytes showed a marked decrease in CD44/CD62L+memory T-cell population, an important marker for anti-inflammatory activity, and a significant inhibition in the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. HE treatment had reduced the mouse skin oedema (47%) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity significantly (40%) in TPA-challenged tissues. More importantly, immunohistochemical localization revealed the suppressed (p < 0.05) expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). HE decreased the infiltration of CD3+T cells and F4/80+macrophages to the site of inflammation and a topical application of HE significantly suppressed the expression of TNF-α (20.2%). Discussion and conclusion:A topical application of HE can exert a potential anti-inflammatory effect and HE can be explored further as a putative alternative therapeutic agent for inflammatory oedema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]