Short-Term Benthic Recolonization after Dredging in the Harbour of Ceuta, North Africa.

The benthic recovery after dredging (area: 2625 m²) was studied in a polluted and enclosed area of the harbour of Ceuta, in which the recolonization through the water column (larvae and adult bedload transport) could be limited by the lack of renewal. The benthos was sampled at two sites (control and dredged) using a van Veen grab and adopting a BACI (Before, After, Control, Impacted) approach. Five samplings were conducted after dredging (3, 15, 30, 90, 180 days). The proportion of gravel in the sediment of the dredged site increased after dredging, while the organic matter decreased. The impact on the community was estimated at species level, using both univariate and multivariate analyses. The maximum negative effect on benthic macrofauna was a reduction by 65% for species richness (15 days after dredging) and by 75% for abundance (3 days after dredging). Between 15 and 30 days after dredging, the abundance of some species such as the molluscs Parvicardium exiguum and Retusa obtusa and the polychaete Pseudomalacoceros tridentata increased considerably in the dredged site, while typical 'opportunistic' species such as Capitella capitata were disfavoured by the disturbance. For this small-scale dredging, about 6 months are required for the disturbed area to reestablish a sediment structure and a macrobenthic community similar to the undisturbed area. Small-patch dredging operations are proposed in harbour management whenever possible, since they allow a quick re-adjustment of the initial sediment structure and benthic communities. Keywords: Dredging; recolonization; macrofauna; Pseudomalacoceros tridentata; Capitella capitata; North Africa; Gibraltar area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]