Overview of renal bone disease: Causes of treatment failure, clinical observations, the changing pattern of bone lesions, and future therapeutic approach: Management of comorbidities in kidney disease in the 21st century: Anemia and bone disease.

The article discusses how the most immediate consequence or side effect of current therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism is the increase in soft tissue calcification. Soft tissue calcifications may be contributing to conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, aortic and mitral stenosis, ischemia, congestive heart failure, and death.