Hydrogen polysulfide (HS) signaling along with hydrogen sulfide (HS) and nitric oxide (NO).

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a physiological mediator with various roles, including neuro-modulation, vascular tone regulation, and cytoprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, angiogenesis, and oxygen sensing. Hydrogen polysulfide (HS), which possesses a higher number of sulfur atoms than HS, recently emerged as a potential signaling molecule that regulates the activity of ion channels, a tumor suppressor, transcription factors, and protein kinases. Some of the previously reported effects of HS are now attributed to the more potent HS. HS is produced by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) from 3-mercaptopyruvate (3MP) and is generated by the chemical interaction of HS with nitric oxide (NO). HS sulfhydrates (sulfurates) cysteine residues of target proteins and modifies their activity, whereas HS sulfurates oxidized cysteine residues as well as reduces cysteine disulfide bonds. This review focuses on the recent progress made in studies concerning the production and physiological roles of HS and HS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]