A Practical Guide to High-resolution X-ray Spectroscopic Measurements and their Applications in Bioinorganic Chemistry.

The bioinorganic chemistry community has had a long history of utilizing a diverse range of spectroscopic techniques to obtain detailed geometric and electronic structural insights into metalloprotein active sites. In recent years, the development of beamlines optimized for high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy has provided novel tools for the elucidation of biological active site structures. These methods include both non-resonant and resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy. Herein, we briefly introduce both X-ray absorption and X-ray emission spectroscopy, and the added information that can be obtained through high-resolution measurements. The information content of each spectroscopic approach, as well as the required instrumentation, is discussed. Applications of these methods in bioinorganic chemistry are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]