UNIFICATION BETWEEN THERMODYNAMICS WITH FINITE SPEED AND THERMODYNAMICS IN FINITE TIME AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TFS.

The first attempt to unify Thermodynamics with Finite Speed (TFS) and Thermodynamics with Finite Time (TFT) has been achieved by Petrescu, Harman and Bejan in 1992. Since then, several papers that have been published played an essential role in the whole development of TFS, finally leading to the Validation of the Direct Method and TFS for 12 Stirling engines. The present paper presents the results of the second unification between TFS and TFT by taking into account in addition to the Finite Speed, two other causes of internal irreversibility in thermal machines, namely Friction and Throttling. In this way we achieved quantitatively what was very clearly explained by Thomson Kelvin only qualitatively, namely that "the main causes of irreversibility are: the finite speed, friction and throttling". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]