Flash synthesis of Al-doping macro-/nanoporous ZnO from self-sustained decomposition of Zn-based complex for superior gas-sensing application to n-butanol.

Macro-/nanoporous Al-doping ZnO powders with enhanced gas sensing properties are prepared by a solution combustion method using Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 ·2H 2 O, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O, Al(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O, N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O and C 2 H 5 NO 2 as precursors. Characterization by TEM, SEM and BET techniques demonstrates that the Al-doping ZnO powders have a coral-like morphology with a hierarchically porous structure from macro pores, with the wall containing smaller mesopores. The gas-sensing characteristics of the ZnO samples with different Al-doping concentrations are investigated and the results indicate that the gas sensor prepared from 2.5 at% Al doping ZnO powders shows the highest gas sensitivity and selectivity towards n -butanol. A maximum gas response of 751.95 towards 100 ppm n -butanol is achieved at the operating temperature of 300 °C. The mechanisms of responses are also proposed considering the unique material structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]