Comprehensive characterization of the in vitro and in vivo metabolites of ziyuglycoside I in rat microsome, intestinal flora, excretion specimen and fresh tissues based on LC–Q-TOF/MS.

Ziyuglycoside I is one of the major active ingredients in Sanguisorba officinalis , a popular medicinal plant in China. In the present study, the metabolites of ziyuglycoside I in rat liver microsome and intestinal flora were identified and structurally characterized, and the metabolic rules were summed based on the LC–Q-TOF/MS system. Then, the metabolites in rat excreta samples were rapidly screened and identified according to the in vitro metabolic rules. Finally, ziyuglycoside I was incubated with fresh liver/lung/kidney/stomach homogenates to further explore the source of the metabolites and reveal the possible metabolic organs involved. Four metabolites in liver microsome were identified as M0-Glu, M0-CH 2 OH, M0-Glu + CH 3 , M0-Glu-Ara + CH 3 . In intestinal flora incubation system, 6 degradation products including M0-Glu-Ara + O, M0-Ara, M0-Glu-COOH, M0-Glu, M0-Glu-Ara + O and M0-Ara + H 2 O were tentatively identified by interpretation of their accurate MS 1 and MS 2 data. Fifteen metabolites in rat urine and feces were identified, and most of the metabolites were attributed to the transformation in liver microsome and intestinal flora. Specifically, more than a dozen of new metabolites were identified in rat fresh tissues, and ziyuglycoside II was confirmed as the major metabolite in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]