非自然氨基酸在蛋白质中的引入方法及其在化学生物学中的应 Q 用.

Proteins are the foundation of life, they play an important part in the metabolic process of cell. These proteins which are made of 20 natural amino acids are involved in all the cellular activities and life processes. For example, the polymerase, translation complex and signal receptors which play pivotal roles in the process of DNA replication, RNA translation and signal transduction are all proteins. The activities of proteins are controlled by their spatial configuration and post-translational modifications. With the development of chemistry and biology, researchers created different methods to introduce unnatural amino acids (UAA) into proteins to change the properties of proteins, such as chemical modification and synthesis, in vitro expression system and genetic code expansion. This article reviewed various methods in chemistry and biology for UAA insertion, and discussed their latest applications in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]