Review of barriers to the dissemination of decentralized renewable energy systems.

This paper reviews the available literature dealing with the barriers to the dissemination of decentralized renewable energy systems. Decentralized renewable energy systems may face a range of technical, economic, institutional, socio-cultural and environmental barrier to their dissemination. In the paper, barriers impeding the dissemination of decentralized renewable energy systems have been identified and assessed. In addition, appropriate remedial measures and corresponding responsibility centers as reported in the literature have also been discussed. Inappropriateness of technology, unavailability of skilled manpower for maintenance, unavailability of spare parts, high cost, lack of access to credit, poor purchasing power and other spending priorities, unfair energy pricing, lack of information or awareness, and lack of adequate training on operation and maintenance of decentralized renewable energy systems are found to be the most critical barriers. Long-term conducive policies, appropriate regulatory framework, financial incentives (capital subsidies and soft loans) to users, technology and skill development, internalization of externalities in the cost of energy, withdrawal of subsidies presently being given to fossil fuels, development of specialized institutions, cooperation with international agencies, participation of local community and awareness generation have been recommended for increased dissemination of decentralized renewable energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]