Quoi de neuf en recherche fondamentale et translationnelle sur le cancer du pancréas ?

The challenge of the basic and translational research on pancreatic adenocarcinoma is not only to obtain a better understanding in the biology of the pancreatic cancer cells and in the microenvironment but also in the different faces of the disease: resectable versus unresectable, metastatic versus locally advanced, and short versus long survivors. The recent studies summarized in the present review aimed to investigate at a large scale genome, exome, and transcriptome. These works attempted to isolate different molecular profiles depending on the prognosis, the activation of oncogene/tumor suppressor genes, and on the response to chemotherapy. The second set of studies is focused on the microenvironment of the pancreatic cancer. This microenvironment plays a key role in the invasive and metastatic process of pancreatic carcinoma with a strong relationship between cancerous cells and pancreatic stellate cells, as well as extracellular matrix. All these works are based on the transgenic mice KRAS-G12D models after crossing or not with other transgenic models bearing a knock out of various tumor suppressor genes. All these studies concluded that targeting the microenvironment significantly influences the prognosis and the response to chemotherapy. This targeting aims to modify the modeling of tumoral stroma (matrix, vascularization) and to inhibit secretion of pancreatic stellate cells. All these new molecular profiles and biomarkers should be validated on prospective clinicobiological cohorts and with early therapeutic phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]