Novel hierarchical three-dimensional ammonium vanadate nanowires electrodes for lithium ion battery.

Ammonium vanadate (NH 4 V 4 O 10 ) nanowire flowers and nanowires on titanium (Ti) foils are synthesized by hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA)-assisted hydrothermal reactions as a cathode material for lithium-ion battery. The as-prepared NH 4 V 4 O 10 nanowires are about 50 nm in diameter and several micrometers in length. The effects of reaction time, temperature and additive concentration on the resulting morphology are investigated. Reversible lithium intercalation behavior of the nanowires has been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic discharge–charge cycling. The NH 4 V 4 O 10 nanowires on Ti foil deliver a high discharge capacity of 168.5 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles between 2.0 and 4.0 V at 50 mA g −1 . A high rate capability is obtained with a remaining discharge capacity of about 182.6 mA h g −1 after 35 cycles at various rates. Further, the NH 4 V 4 O 10 nanowires on Ti foil have a higher discharge capacity of 330.5 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles at 0.8–4.0 V at 50 mA g −1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]