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Comparing World Economic and Net Energy Metrics, Part 2: Total Economy Expenditure Perspective.
- Source :
-
Energies (19961073) . 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 11, following p12975-12996. 57p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs. - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- We translate between energetic and economic metrics that characterize the role of energy in the economy. Specifically, we estimate monetary expenditures for the primary energy and net external power ratio (NEPRdirect; NEPR, net external power ratio), a power return ratio of annual energy production divided by annual direct energy inputs within the energy industry. We estimate these on an annualized basis for forty-four countries from 1978 to 2010. Expressed as a fraction of gross domestic product (GDP), fe,GDP, the forty-four country aggregate (composing >90% world GDP) worldwide expenditures on energy decreased from a maximum of 10.3% in 1979 to a minimum of 3.0% in 1998 before increasing to a second peak of 8.1% in 2008. While the global fe,GDP fluctuates significantly, global NEPRdirect declined from a value of 34 in 1980 to 17 in 1986 before staying in a range between 14 and 16 from 1991 to 2010. In comparing both of these metrics as ratios of power output over power input, one economic ( f-1 e,GDP) and one biophysical (NEPRdirect), we see that when the former divided by the latter is below unity, the world was in a low-growth or recessionary state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19961073
- Volume :
- 8
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Energies (19961073)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 111217994
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/en81112347