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Numerical model study on ice impact on Lake Superior outflow limit.
- Source :
-
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering . Sep2015, Vol. 42 Issue 9, p656-664. 9p. 1 Color Photograph, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs, 2 Maps. - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Improved regulation of the wintertime flow from Lake Superior is needed to improve the balance of water levels of Lake Superior and Lake Michigan-Huron to decrease the frequency of extreme levels without unduly affecting Lake Superior interest. The wintertime outflow limit is set as 2410 m³/s by Lake Superior Regulation Plan 1977-A as a result of ice jam flooding during the 1916-1917 winter. This paper presents a numerical model study on the ice conditions in the St. Marys River to assess the maximum allowable Lake Superior wintertime outflow. Freeze-up, frazil transport and accumulation, and breakup were simulated with a thermal-ice dynamic model. The highest potential for flooding exists during ice breakup and simulations were run to determine a safe discharge limit for the breakup period. Simulations indicated the winter flow limit may be increased to 2690 m³/s if flow regulation is managed with care to prevent premature ice cover breakup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 03151468
- Volume :
- 42
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 110422803
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0276