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In vitro stimulation of calcium overload and apoptosis by sonodynamic therapy combined with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether in C6 glioma cells.
- Source :
-
Oncology Letters . 2014, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p1675-1681. 7p. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- The present study investigated enhancement of apoptosis induction and the mechanisms underlying calcium overload on C6 glioma cells in vitro, stimulated by low-level ultrasound in combination with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME). The optimum frequency of ultrasound was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The apoptotic rate, reactive oxygen species concentration and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Morphological changes were detected by a transmission electron microscope, and the concentration of intracellular Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, was detected by a confocal laser scanning microscope. In addition, the release of cytochrome c (cyt-c) was measured by western blot analysis. The results revealed that an increased apoptotic effect was induced by sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and this was found to correlate with the overloaded [Ca2+]i, derived from the intra- and extracellular sources in the early apoptotic process. The results also revealed an increased level of ROS production, a decreased MMP and an increased release of cyt-c. The present study indicated that low-level ultrasound in combination with HMME improved the apoptotic effect in C6 glioma cells. The overloaded [Ca2+]i was involved in the mechanism by which apoptosis was stimulated and enhanced by SDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17921074
- Volume :
- 8
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Oncology Letters
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 110366920
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.2419