Size effects on cation heats of formation. IV. Methyl and ethyl substitutions in methyl, methylene, acetylene and ethene.

An empirical relation between the heat of formation of molecular ions and cation size is used to study the effects of methyl and ethyl substitution of hydrogen atoms on the cations of the CnHmhydrocarbons methyl, methylene, acetylene and ethene. The results provide tests of the graphical method, revealing regularities and irregularities in the empirical size relation used, as well as its value as a predictive tool for determining cation and neutral heats of formation. Of the 36 CnHmcations studied, only 5 have heats of formation listed in the renowned ATcT tables. Some CnHmcation heats of formation are questioned or eliminated, mainly in cases where multiple choices are available in the literature. Proposals are made for investigating or re-investigating the ionisation energies and the heats of formation of several of the molecules studied where no data previously exist or where our analysis suggests that more reliable values are needed. The relative effects of methyl and ethyl substitution on the thermodynamic stability of the series of alkyl-substituted CnHmcations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]