Controlled Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Structuringby Memory-Based, Sequential Wrinkling.

This paper describes how a memory-based,sequential wrinkling process can transform flat polystyrene sheetsinto multiscale, three-dimensional hierarchical textures. Multiplecycles of plasma-mediated skin growth followed by directional strainrelief of the substrate resulted in hierarchical architectures withcharacteristic generational (G) features. Independent control overwrinkle wavelength and wrinkle orientation for each G was achievedby tuning plasma treatment time and strain-relief direction for eachcycle. Lotus-type superhydrophobicity was demonstrated on three-dimensionalG1–G2–G3 hierarchical wrinkles as well as tunable superhydrophilicityon these same substrates after oxygen plasma. This materials systemprovides a general approach for nanomanufacturing based on bottom-upsequential wrinkling that will benefit a diverse range of applicationsand especially those that require large area (>cm2),multiscale, three-dimensional patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]