Propagation protocol for pinyon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.).

We present our technique for producing pinyon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm. [Pinaceae]) from seeds in a container nursery in Idaho. Three deliberate changes to our propagation protocol during the past 5 y have shortened our production cycle and resulted in greater lift rates for seedlings. Use of a soft-walled container, sowing of germinants rather than direct seeding, and reduction of target dry-down during the rapid growth phase have improved our production of this ecologically and economically important species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]