Is recovery from schizophrenia possible? An overview of concepts, evidence, and clinical implications.

Contrary to long-standing pessimistic views regarding the prognosis for people with schizophrenia, emerging literature suggests that many with this condition can meaningfully recover over time. Using increasingly complex models of recovery with clearly defined operationalized criteria, numerous longitudinal studies have provided data pointing out that progressive deterioration is more of an exception than a rule for people with this condition. To address the issues of the definition and likelihood of recovery from schizophrenia, this article reviews evolving definitions which stress that recovery must involve the development of a sense of hope, self-reliance, and a personalized awareness of current strengths and challenges. Empirical research indicates that while many with schizophrenia experience significant bouts of disability, more people experience long periods of relatively good functioning, including symptom remission, healthy levels of self-esteem, and meaningful community participation. Implications for how clinical practice can reinforce and promote recovery are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]