Metabolic diseases: the latest findings in sports.

Intense exercise determines body and metabolic adaptations considered beneficial to health. Practicing an intense training program and ongoing performance or participation in competitions can induce changes in serum laboratory parameters and cause effects on the body, health and social life. So, when they reach the end of their careers, most athletes can have weight problems. The cause is the inadequacy of the number of calories required for daily and physical effort. Staying on the same diet during the cessation of exercise training camps will eventually lead to the appearance of weight imbalances. Obesity is a problem not only after the age of retirement. Recent studies show an increasing prevalence of obesity among active athletes. In this category of patients, the calculation of abdominal circumference and body fat percentage, not of BMI, should be considered. The presence of obesity is also associated with metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance. Diabetes is another chronic condition that can affect athletes. If blood glucose levels are monitored incorrectly during periods of exercise, athletes with diabetes can suffer various endocrine emergencies (hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis). The greatest risk occurs in patients with type 1 diabetes by developing hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis. In type 2 diabetes, it is less pronounced, especially in those treated only with diet. To achieve performance levels, these patients should coordinate their carbohydrate intake and insulin administration to avoid complications. Glycemic control can be achieved by reducing insulin dosage by 50-80% depending on the type, duration, intensity and familiarity of exercise. Sport activity induces a lipid profile superior to that of sedentary patients, especially on HDL. Unfortunately, there are few studies that clarify the differentiation of the benefit of certain sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]