Risk Assessment of Negative Sensory Effects in Product Development Using the Benchmark Dose ( BMD) Methodology for Continuous Data.

The Benchmark Dose ( BMD) methodology is a statistical tool for quantitative risk assessment. It has been developed as an alternative to the approach of 'no observed adverse effect level' or 'lowest observed adverse effect level' during the last decades in many scientific fields for risk assessment. Because risk is various and ubiquitous, the BMD methodology has potential applications in the food science field for risk assessment of negative sensory effects in product development and sensory and consumer research. This paper discusses the BMD analysis in a product development effort using ratings data and Thurstonian discriminal d′ data. Practical Applications Risk assessment of negative sensory effects in product development using the Benchmark Dose ( BMD) methodology has two major objectives. One objective is to determine an appropriate change of ingredient for a product at an allowed risk. The second objective is to assess the risk of negative sensory effects associated with a particular change. The well-developed U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's ( EPA) Benchmark Dose Modeling Software ( BMDS) and the R/ S-Plus codes developed and provided in the paper can be used for BMD analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]