Applications of shell-isolated nanoparticles in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence.

Shell-isolated nanoparticle (NP)-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) has expanded the versatility of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and can be applied to virtually any substrate type and morphology. Surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) can enhance fluorescence through an electromagnetic field in a similar way to SERS, which is called surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) or metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF). The SERS-SEF dual-mode method can greatly improve the accuracy and the sensitivity of detection in applications. In this review, we introduce extension of SHINERS to shell-isolated NP-enhanced fluorescence (SHINEF) and application of the SERS-fluorescence dual-mode technique, taking advantage of SERS and fluorescence. We first introduce SHINERS and its applications, and then move on to the applications of SHINERS in SEF. Finally, we introduce application of the SERS-fluorescence dual mode to biodetection and bioimaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]