Short-term and Divergent Regulation of FGF-19 and FGF-21 during Oral Lipid Tolerance Test but not Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.

Context: Regulation of FGF-19 and FGF-21 by oral uptake of lipids and carbohydrates in healthy individuals is poorly characterized. Objective: We investigated the regulation of FGF-19 and FGF-21 in 2 large cohorts of healthy volunteers during oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT; n = 100) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; n = 100). Design and setting: 100 volunteers underwent OLTT and OGTT in an outpatient setting. Venous blood was drawn at 0 h (fasting) and at 2, 4, and 6 h in OLTT or 1 and 2 h in OGTT. In order to dissect carbohydrate-induced from lipid-induced effects, a special OLTT solution was applied. Subjects were characterized by anthropometric and laboratory parameters. Serum concentrations of FGF-19 and FGF-21 were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Mean FGF-19 levels ranged between 12 and 544 pg/ml with a fasting mean value of 105 ± 81 pg/ml and 118 ± 86 pg/ml in OLTT and OGTT. Mean FGF-21 levels ranged between 4 and 1 393 pg/ml with a fasting mean value of 160 ± 204 pg/ml and 235 ± 288 pg/ml in OLTT and OGTT. There was a significant, positive correlation between FGF-19 and FGF-21 in OLTT (p < 0.001, r = 0.5) and in OGTT (p = 0.011, r = 0.4). FGF-21 levels were positively correlated with waist circumference and waist hip-ratio in both cohorts. OGTT had no effect on FGF-19 and FGF- 21. In contrast, FGF-19 levels were significantly induced and FGF-21 levels were significantly reduced during OLTT. Conclusions: OLTT is a physiological inductor of FGF-19 and a repressor of FGF-21 in healthy adults. There is a significant and positive correlation between FGF-19 and FGF-21. Dietary lipids specifically and differentially regulate FGF-19 and FGF-21 whereas dietary carbohydrates have no effect. The present data provide the clinical basis for the postulated negative feedback loop between dietary lipids and postprandial inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]