1,858 results on '"WOOD-pulp"'
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2. Fungi as biotechnological allies: Exploring contributions of edible and medicinal mushrooms.
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Barua, R. Celeste, Coniglio, Romina O., Molina, Melisa A., Díaz, Gabriela V., and Fonseca, Maria I.
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EXTRACELLULAR enzymes , *WOOD-pulp , *BIOTECHNOLOGY , *PAPER industry , *FOOD production , *EDIBLE mushrooms , *CULTIVATED mushroom - Abstract
Edible and medicinal mushrooms possess excellent nutritional properties due to their incredible versatility in growing on different substrates and producing extracellular enzymes with a wide range of specificity. These features make them excellent candidates for various biotechnological applications. In this context, biotechnological applications using edible and medicinal mushrooms can focus on the bioprocessing of agro‐industrial wastes, an economical and environmentally friendly strategy. This review, based on recent original research and scientific reviews, highlights the versatility and potential of mushrooms in terms of sustainability and efficiency. We emphasized the biotechnological applications of edible and medicinal mushrooms and their enzymes including food production with high nutraceutical value by enhancing the quality and flavor of food industry products. Other biotechnological applications addressed in this review were cosmeceutical and biomedical development using mushroom extracts with bioactive compounds; wood pulp pretreatment processes in the pulp and paper industry; bioethanol production; and bioremediation for decontaminating soils and polluted effluents. These applications explain how edible and medicinal mushrooms have gained significance in biotechnology over the years, opening new avenues for innovation. The current tendency to study edible and medicinal mushrooms has gained the attention of researchers because these are still less known organisms becoming an attractive and natural source of novel bioactive compounds that could be integrated into a circular model production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Characteristics and degradability of laser print waste paper fiber reinforced PLA resin matrix composite materials.
- Author
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Zhang, Xiaolin, Chang, Xing, Xu, Long, Huang, Maocai, Zuo, Liyuan, Cao, Jing, Wu, Yali, Li, Xin, Yang, Menghao, Gao, Limin, and Bo, Xiangfeng
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WASTE paper , *LASER printing , *WOOD-pulp , *LACTIC acid , *RENEWABLE natural resources - Abstract
As is well known, Laser print paper is usually produced with high‐quality chemical wood pulp. The laser print waste paper fiber (LPWF) is a high‐quality secondary fiber, and the research and development of high‐value utilization technology for laser print waste paper has attracted much attention in the field of renewable resource recycling. In this study, LPWF was used to reinforce poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites in the field, and the composites were modified with bioenzyme, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and nano‐silicon carbide (Nano‐SiC) to enhance the interfacial compatibility of LPWF/PLA composites. The study systematically investigated the effects of various modification methods on the characteristics and degradability of composites made from laser print waste paper fiber reinforced PLA resin matrix. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites treated with CPAM and Nano‐SiC were significantly improved, with tensile strengths of 54.3 and 59.5 MPa, and flexural strengths of 85.1 and 91.5 MPa, respectively, and the water absorption of the composites was reduced after the modification treatment, while the thermal stability was improved. The degradation performance of the composites in various water environments indicated that the inclusion of LPWF accelerated the water degradation rate of the composites, with the maximum degradation rate of the composite reaching 1.26% in 30 days. Highlights: Laser print waste paper is an excellent quality recyclable fiber resource.Four modifiers were used to modify LPWF/PLA composites.Characteristics and degradability of the composites were investigated.Significantly improved properties of CPAM and Nano‐SiC modified composites.The degradation rate of composites is increased by the addition of LPWF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Why is single-use plastic still in the conservation sector toolbox?
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Pitt, Katie, Ross, James, and Paterson, Adrian
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SINGLE-use plastics , *SUSTAINABILITY , *WOOD-pulp , *MICROPLASTICS , *PLASTICS , *PLASTIC marine debris - Abstract
Microplastic residue left in the environment from plastic chewcards in three pest mammal monitoring operations was estimated at an average of 15% of the starting weight. This finding highlight the issue of single-use plastics within New Zealand’s (NZ) conservation sector. A review of other research operations across NZ shows a significant number of plastic chewcards are deployed, potentially contributing to microplastic pollution in environmentally sensitive areas. Our research shows the need for sustainable alternatives to plastic chewcards in order to mitigate the environmental impact. Alongside an estimation of microplastic being left in the environment, we evaluated wood-pulp chewcards as a potential alternative to corflute chewcards, with results indicating wood-pulp cards maintain comparable interaction rates across key pest species. By identifying the environmental issues of microplastics in the environment and offering a potential alternative, we aim to open a dialogue about adopting more sustainable tools and practices in the NZ conservation sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Observing Fiber Morphology Pores Size to Achieve Successful Lignin Removal.
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Trismawati, Wikanaji, Darono, Marlina, Ena, Nanlohy, Hendry Y., Prasetyo, Singgih D., and Arifin, Zainal
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MOLECULAR structure , *MOLECULAR size , *EUCALYPTUS camaldulensis , *MANGIUM , *WOOD-pulp , *LIGNANS , *LIGNIN structure - Abstract
Pulp with high brightness can only be obtained if the lignin content in the unbleached pulp can be optimally removed. For this reason, enzyme and bleaching chemicals must be able to reach the cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin (CHL) structure in the Lignin Carbohydrate Complex (LCC) to peel the lignin molecule. Most research uses enzymes and bleaching chemicals without considering how they reach the CHL structure. This research deeply considered the penetration of enzymes and bleaching chemicals into the CHL structure through the pores in each fiber wall. The molecular sizes of enzymes and bleaching chemicals that must diffuse into the fiber structure and the molecular sizes of fiber pores that allow them to penetrate to reach the CHL structure are also considered. All these results are used to evaluate the normative results of the ECF bleaching of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis and Acacia Mangium Pulp. The results indicated that pore size significantly affected the achievement of a higher brightness of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Pulp than Acacia Mangium Pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Characterization of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Wood Branches as a Potential Resource for Paper Production.
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Andze, Laura, Bikovens, Oskars, Skute, Marite, Puke, Maris, Filipova, Inese, Milbreta, Ulla, and Colmenares-Quintero, Ramon Fernando
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CACAO , *SULFATE pulping process , *WOOD-pulp , *TREE crops , *TROPICAL crops , *CACAO beans - Abstract
For sustainable use of lignocellulosic resources, pruned tree branches of cocoa, one of the major evergreen tropical tree crops with significant economic importance worldwide, were investigated as a potential source of kraft pulp. This study determined the chemical composition, fiber dimensions, kraft pulp, and paper properties of the cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L.) branches compared to the deciduous trees traditionally used in the paper industry. A handsheet of cocoa pulp showed promising results with narrow fiber length distribution, high paper density, and high mechanical strength. The yield of kraft pulp made from cocoa branches wood was lower. The tensile and burst indices of cocoa pulp handsheet were 2 and 2.5 times higher than that of hardwood traditionally used in the paper industry. These results suggest a potential use of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) tree branch wood for pulp production using the kraft process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Delignification, Yield, Defibreability, and Brightness of Pine Wood (Pinus sylvestris) Pulped Using the Alkaline Sulphite Method with the Addition of DDA and Ethylene Glycol.
- Author
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Danielewicz, Dariusz
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SULFATE pulping process , *WOOD-pulp , *ETHYLENE glycol , *DELIGNIFICATION , *ANTHRAQUINONES - Abstract
Sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) is known as a selective chemical agent for wood delignification. In this work, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood was pulped using alkaline sulfite (AS) with the addition of 1,4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy anthracene (DDA) [called also soluble anthraquinone (SAQ)] and ethylene glycol (G). The studies showed the possibility of obtaining Kappa number (KN) 24 to 26 alkaline sulphite-DDA pine pulps with total and screened yields higher by 3.4 to 3.9% and 1.4 to 2.6%, respectively, than in the case of kraft pulping. The AS-SAQ pulping process was also characterized by much higher brightness of pulps but worse defibreability of wood than the kraft process. Increasing the amount of Na2SO3 dosed to the wood from 25% to 30-35% (based on wood) and adding G to the cooking liquor increased the delignification of pine wood in the AS-SAQ method to Kappa number of 17 to 20 units (without G) and approximately 14.5 units (with G). Such a modification had a positive effect on the defibreability of wood after pulping and the brightness of pulps but a negative effect on the screened yield of AS-SAQ and AS-SAQG pulps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Exploiting the Properties of Non-Wood Feedstocks to Produce Tailorable Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibers.
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Lamm, Meghan E., Johnson, Donna A., Copenhaver, Katie, Bhagia, Samarthya, Hubbard, Amber M., Walker, Colleen C., Doyle, Kevin, and Ozcan, Soydan
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WHEAT straw , *AGRICULTURAL wastes , *WOOD-pulp , *SULFATE pulping process , *CELLULOSE - Abstract
Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) are mainly produced commercially from treated wood pulp, which can decrease some of the carbon-negative benefits of utilizing biomass feedstock. In this work, LCNFs are prepared from non-wood feedstocks, including agricultural residues such as hemp, wheat straw, and flax. These feedstocks allowed for the preparation of LCNFs with a variety of properties, including tailored hydrophobicity. The feedstocks and their subsequent LCNFs are extensively characterized to determine the roles that feedstocks play on the morphology and properties of their resultant LCNFs. The LCNFs were then incorporated into paper handsheets to study their usefulness in papermaking applications, which indicated good potential for the use of wheat straw LCNFs as a surface additive to improve the oil resistance coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Assessment of Mixed Amendments of CaCO 3 /Na 2 SO 4 Ratio on the pH Buffer Capacity and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage of Soils with Contrasting Properties.
- Author
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Pinochet, Dante, Romero, Carolina, Ramírez, Fernando, and Clunes, John
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LIMING of soils , *VOLCANIC soils , *SULFUR in soils , *WOOD-pulp , *SOIL classification - Abstract
Highlights: The pH buffering capacity was higher in volcanic than non-volcanic soils. The sodium concentration increased exponentially in volcanic soils. The sulfate input increased the sulfur mineralization in soils. Reusing the by-products from wood pulp processing can promote the efficient use of resources. In this sense, the objective of this research was to determine the agronomic efficiency of CaCO3 and Na2SO4 by-products from wood pulp processing to establish criteria for their use and avoid undesirable side effects when applying these materials to the soil. Six treatments in proportions of 1; 0.9; 0.75; 0.5, 0.25, and 0, of CaCO3/Na2SO4, respectively, were incubated at a constant temperature and humidity for 15 days. The first proportion consisted of 100% CaCO3, while M1 mixed 90% CaCO3 and 10% Na2SO4, M2: 75% CaCO3 and 25% Na2SO4, M3: 50% CaCO3 and 50% Na2SO4, M4: 25% CaCO3 and 75% Na2SO4, with the last proportion comprised of 100% Na2SO4. Samples of 40 g from two soil series, Licantén (Inceptisol) and San José (Andisol), were used. The rates applied for each treatment were 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g of material per kg of dry soil. At the end of the incubation period, pH in water, pH in CaCl2, exchange bases (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) and extractable sulfur were determined. The results showed that the San José soil had a pH buffering capacity three times higher than that of the Licantén soil. The linear increase in pH was thus explained by the soil type in relation to the applied rate of CaCO3. The analysis of the increase in the exchangeable Na percentage (ESP) showed that the soils increased up to about 70% of their ESP with the highest added rate of Na2SO4. The application of a mixture of 25% Na2SO4 and 75% CaCO3 resulted in an increase in the ESP close to 15%; therefore, it is not recommended to use mixtures with a Na2SO4 content higher than 25% in these soils. Finally, we affirm that for M2 the maximum recommended dose for application should be 4 Mg ha−1, i.e., 3 g of material per kg of soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Chemotaxonomic and anatomic wood species identification in bleached pulp: blind test and method validation.
- Author
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Flaig, Max L., Berger, Jens, Helmling, Stephanie, Olbrich, Andrea, Schaffrath, Heinz J., Zahn, Daniel, and Saake, Bodo
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WOOD-pulp , *PAPER pulp , *WOOD , *PAPER products , *DATABASES - Abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the blind test outcomes of two independent methods for the identification of tropical wood species in pulp and paper products. Both, the established anatomical and the relatively new chemotaxonomic method support the European Deforestation Regulation 2023/1115 (EUDR), which aims to ensure that only legally harvested timber that has not contributed to deforestation is traded in the EU. The blind test involved 570 decisions on 15 test sheets of 37 self-manufactured mixed tropical hardwood pulps and an industrial beech pulp, used as a matrix. Both detection techniques demonstrated robust performance with over 80 % hit rates. The results show that the synergies and combination of the strengths of both methods can be utilized and lead to even better combined performance. In order to establish the chemotaxonomic identification method as a complement to the conventional anatomy-based method, statistical analyses were performed to assess its intermediate precision between three different GC-MS systems. In most cases, the method gave consistent results independent of the instrument used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Thermoformed products from high-density polyethylene and Softwood kraft pulp.
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Desnoes, Eric, Deshaies, Pascale, Bideau, Benoit, and Rubiano, Jorge
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HIGH density polyethylene , *SULFATE pulping process , *SOFTWOOD , *WASTE minimization , *WOOD-pulp , *MELT spinning , *PULP mills - Abstract
Plastic recycling, waste minimization such as process outfall valorization promotes a circular economy. Herein, food trays have been produced in the moulded pulp thermoforming process. To this end, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) outfall has been dispersed in water via Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) addition in a Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft Pulp (NBSKP) slurry. Samples physical and mechanical properties have been evaluated. With an increasing HDPE content, parts air permeability was drastically reduced to a minimum of 2.4 ± 0.8 mL min−1. In addition, water and grease hold out properties have been increased with minimum water Cobb1800 value of 10.9 ± 5.4 gm−2 and oil Cobb1800 value of 13.18 ± 6.5 gm−2. Samples with high HDPE content demonstrated hydrophobic surface with water contact angle value above 90°. HDPE melting and binding to wood pulp fibers was monitored by SEM images. Regarding the mechanical properties, HDPE induced plastic deformation with a reduced Young modulus by 17 %. Moreover, the addition of HDPE increased wet strength by 81 %. However, the produced food tray composites with high HDPE content demonstrated low repulpability index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Analysis of polydisperse polymer adsorption on porous cellulose fibers.
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Pelton, Robert H., Karami, Abdollah, and Moran-Mirabal, Jose
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POLYDISPERSE polymers , *POROUS polymers , *CELLULOSE fibers , *WATER-soluble polymers , *WOOD-pulp - Abstract
The adsorption of cationic water-soluble polymers onto negatively charged porous wood pulp fibers is an essential aspect of papermaking. Adsorption data can be displayed as a direct plot of the amount adsorbed, Γ, versus the amount of polymer added or as an isotherm plot showing the amount adsorbed versus the residual unadsorbed polymer. In either data presentation, the analysis is more transparent if the units of each axis are the same (e.g., mg/g or meq/g), giving dimensionless slopes. Values for Γmax, ΓI, fI, and Γme can be extracted from many isotherms where: Γmax is the maximum capacity of the fibers to adsorb polymer; ΓI is the y-axis isotherm intercept and gives the maximum dose that can be fully adsorbed; fI is the slope of the direct plot at ΓI, and fI is the mass fraction of the added polymer that can access interior (pore) surfaces; and, Γme is the saturated amount of polymer adsorbed on exterior surfaces. Additionally, the molecular weight distribution of the adsorbing polymer in conjunction with the adsorption isotherm can be used to estimate the molecular weight distributions of adsorbed polymer on interior and exterior fiber surfaces as functions of the polymer dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. A review on chemical mechanisms of kraft pulping.
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Henriksson, Gunnar, Germgård, Ulf, and Lindström, Mikael E.
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SULFATE pulping process , *WOOD-pulp , *POLYSACCHARIDES , *GLUCOMANNAN , *DEPOLYMERIZATION , *CELLULOSE fibers , *PLANT fibers - Abstract
Kraft pulping of wood is based on efficient depolymerization and solubilization of lignin, while cellulose is relatively undamaged. Non-cellulose cell wall polysaccharides are however in some cases heavily degraded, especially pectin and to a lesser degree also glucomannan while, xylan is relatively stable. In this mini-review, the most important reactions in lignin and polysaccharide degradation in kraft pulping are described, both the technically favorable and the problematic reactions, and the chemical background to discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the process. An attempt to put the different reactions in the perspective of the goals of the pulping process is made and a special focus is on the development of color in the pulp fiber during the kraft pulping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Monitoring the Sustainability of the EU Biomass Supply: A Novel Hybrid Approach Combining Tracing and Selected Sustainability Impacts.
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Pozo, Paola, Bösch, Matthias, and Schweinle, Jörg
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SUSTAINABILITY ,SUSTAINABLE consumption ,WOOD-pulp ,SUSTAINABLE development ,COUNTRY of origin (Immigrants) - Abstract
In an attempt to make a first step toward monitoring the sustainability of wood as (one of) the main element(s) of the EU biomass supply, a novel approach combining a physical accounting model with a material flow–life cycle assessment approach was used to trace the locations of origin of the wood and the associated sustainability impacts. Applying this approach to EU trade data from 2018, we found that around one-third of the wood fiber input in finished paper products consumed in the EU was imported. The main countries of origin were Brazil, the United States and Uruguay. We used Uruguay as a case study of an important country that provides wood pulp to assess the associated sustainability impacts. The results reveal synergies and trade-offs between employment, value added and environmental impacts. We highlight the need to analyze sustainability impacts in different dimensions of sustainability and consider not only territorial impacts in isolation but also from a global perspective in order to have a more holistic overview. Future extensions of the approach could include the coverage of other commodities, additional impacts along the global supply chain (e.g., post-use) and additional sustainability indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. The Influence of Physical Characteristics of Wet Wipe Fabrics on the Microbial Biomass Accumulation.
- Author
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Ziklo, Noa, Yuli, Idit, Bibi, Maayan, and Salama, Paul
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NONWOVEN fabric wipes ,MICROBIAL contamination ,WOOD-pulp ,BIOMASS ,SURFACE charges - Abstract
The physicochemical properties of nonwoven wet wipe fabrics have a strong influence on the ability of microorganisms to attach and multiply, until a biofilm is formed. Cellulose-based fabrics, being biodegradable, represent a major contamination risk. In addition, having a hydrophilic nature, they provide a good platform for microorganisms attachment. To optimize biodegradable wet wipes antimicrobial quality, it is crucial to assess the impact of physicochemical properties, e.g., density, pore size, fiber diameter, contact angle and surface charge. Here, we investigated the physical characteristics of commonly used nonwoven fabrics from both synthetic (Polyethylene terephthalate, PET) and natural components (wood pulp and viscose), to evaluate their effect on microbial contamination. We found that the hydrophobicity of the fabric had varying influence on attachment, depending on the microbial strain. However, the geometry, as well as the fabric pore size greatly affected attachment regardless of the microbial strain, in which a larger pore size resulted in lower accumulation of microbial biomass. Our study gives insight into the characteristics of wet wipes that can affect the preservation efficacy and microbial contamination risk, in one of the biggest segments in the personal care industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Improving access: Multi-analytical survey of the Norwegian Sea trade archive to establish storage conditions, digitisation priorities and conservation treatments.
- Author
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Pasnak, Ekaterina, Malešič, Jasna, and Sequeira, Sílvia O.
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NEAR infrared spectroscopy , *WOOD-pulp , *PAPER pulp , *IRON ions , *DEGREE of polymerization - Abstract
• Gelatine and rosin-sized rag papers, rosin-sized chemical pulp and copy papers were identified. • The overall condition of the collection is "good", slightly damaged but stable. • Ferrous ions identified in 74 % of the manuscript inks but corrosion is not severe. • Papers from after 1840 exhibit lower pH and lower mechanical resistance. • Aqueous treatments should be avoided: manuscript inks of all periods are soluble in 0 % and 25 % alcohol. The Norwegian Sea Trade Archive (NST Archive) from the University of Bergen Library, Norway, is part of the UNESCO documentary heritage and contains unique documentation of the activity of companies that traded in stock fish in Norway and Europe (16th-20th century). The archive consists primarily of bound paper manuscripts written mostly in brown ink. We have surveyed this collection using a multi-analytical approach focused on the material characterization and condition of the paper carrier and inks. Our main aim was to support decision-making on establishing storage conditions, digitisation priorities, and type and extent of conservation treatments necessary to make the collection accessible. After a first visual examination to detect and quantify damages, for the paper support analysis we measured surface pH, paper thickness and water absorbency. Additionally, on a quarter of all tested materials, we performed a SurveNIR analysis, providing information regarding paper pulp type, lignin, protein and rosin content, degree of polymerization, and mechanical properties. The archival material was grouped into three periods characterising the three milestones in paper production: handmade gelatine-sized rag papers, machine-made rag papers with gelatine and rosin sizing, and papers made from processed wood pulp. Regarding the manuscripts' inks, we used iron and copper tests to determine the presence of Fe2, Cu2+ and Cu+ions, respectively. For the visual characterization and condition rating of the inks, we used the protocols described by the Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage. The variety of ink colours and thickness of the inked lines encountered in each document was noted down. Thus specific tendencies present in each historical period became apparent. Results of the solubility of ink in water and alcohol significantly narrowed treatment options. General tendencies of paper and ink degradation based on differences in papermaking were observed. Surface pH measurement, SurveNIR pH, rosin and protein concentration data showed that most rag papers were of poor to fair quality (pH ≤ 6.0 and low protein content (< 5 %)). Rosin-sized papers dated after 1840 had a lower pH (from 3.3 ± 0.2 to 5.0 ± 0.2) compared to gelatine-sized ones. Based on the obtained results, the overall condition of all the papers is good – slightly damaged but stable. The inks are not severely corroded, and there is no loss of text, although 20 % of the collection does show signs of iron-gall ink (IGI) corrosion. A limited number of documents, mostly before 1800, would require local antioxidative treatment. Due to the low pH of all the papers and the detection of ink corrosion, the collection should be stored in a cool environment, with low relative humidity. After the survey, digitisation priorities were also established. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. EU nano or not nano: An unbiased approach to classifying FiberLean microfibrillated cellulose.
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Hewson, Daniel, Gee, Kathryn, Koptasikova, Lenka, Hacker, Christian, and Skuse, David
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CELLULOSE ,SCANNING electron microscopes ,WOOD-pulp ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,PHARMACEUTICAL gels ,SURFACE structure - Abstract
FiberLean microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was assessed against the recent definition of a nanomaterial published by the European Union. FiberLean MFC is made by mechanical grinding with the aim of fibrillating traditional wood pulp fibres to generate a highly networked high surface area structure capable of reinforcing a matrix as a filler or modifying the rheology of liquids and gels. The networked structure is complex; consisting of a broad range of fibre sizes which are challenging for any one characterisation technique to accurately represent. Scanning electron microscopy allows investigators to identify the boundaries of discrete complex fibre structures; the challenge is to represent the whole fibre size range. In this study a method is presented for the unbiased quantification of fibre width size distribution from systematic uniform random sampled high-resolution areas (164 µm × 164 µm) using automated scanning electron microscope software. From such images the boundaries of both large- and small-scale fibres could be identified and measured, thus represent the complete size range. The resulting size distribution of FiberLean MFC generated using this method does not meet the criteria specified in the EU definition of a nanomaterial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Water absorbency of oil palm empty fruit bunch paper.
- Author
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Susiani, Susiani, Suryadi, Gema S., Rahmayanti, Handika D., Oktavia, Evi, Ananto, Purnomo, and Sarono, Sarono
- Subjects
- *
OIL palm , *WOOD-pulp , *RAW materials , *FRUIT , *WATER testing , *CARDBOARD - Abstract
Paper-making raw materials are a mixture of pure wood pulp and recycled pulp. Recycled pulp is obtained from used paper imported from abroad, in addition to the development of paperless culture also has an impact on the reduced availability of raw materials. Empty bunch fiber of palm oil is one of the natural materials that have the potential to be used as an alternative to a pulp for the manufacture of cardboard paper because it has a high holocellulose content. This study has successfully developed cardboard paper developed from oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp with 6 variations of treatment, steam, no steam, NaOH 2.5%, NaOH 5% and mill duration (20 minutes and 30 minutes). The developed cardboard paper is then tested for its water absorbency. Water Absorbency value testing is done by the Cobb method (60). Based on the test results obtained the water absorption values is in the range of 500 - 600 g/m2. Cartons that received treatment, no steam, added NaOH 2.5%, and milled for 30 minutes, has the lowest water absorption value compared to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. Viewing Collections: Viewing the 2024 Siegel Rarities Sale, Pt. 3.
- Author
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Dunn, John F.
- Subjects
POSTAL service ,INTAGLIO printing ,WOOD-pulp ,POSTAGE stamps ,CREDIT cards - Abstract
This article summarizes the 2024 Siegel Rarities Sale, Pt. 3, which featured a variety of rare stamps and covers that were auctioned off. Some notable items included a 15¢ Olive Green plate block, a 4¢ Pan-American Inverted Center stamp, a 10¢ Yellow coil pair, a 6¢ Red Orange on Bluish stamp, a 2¢ Lake block, a 5¢ Rose Error cover, a $2.00 Orange Red & Black plate block, and a 24¢ Air Post complete sheet. The article also provides background information on the production and significance of these stamps. It highlights their rarity and historical importance. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
20. 杏木硫酸盐化学法制浆性能研究.
- Author
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阳路
- Subjects
WOOD ,SULFATE pulping process ,WOOD-pulp ,RAW materials ,HARDWOODS - Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper Industry is the property of China Pulp & Paper Industry Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
21. Loggers Adapting To Changing Industry: Fiber market issues hit contractors hard.
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Shell, DAN
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LOGGERS ,FOREST landowners ,LOGGING ,FIBERS ,WOOD-pulp - Abstract
The article discusses the challenges faced by loggers in the timber harvesting industry due to changes in the fiber market. Many loggers are struggling to adapt to rising costs, labor shortages, and the closure of pulp and paper mills. The decline in demand for pulpwood and the shift towards recycled materials have further impacted the industry. The article also highlights the financial difficulties faced by loggers and their efforts to diversify their businesses. Despite these challenges, some loggers remain optimistic about the future, while others are considering leaving the industry. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
22. Exploring Spatial Patterns of Tropical Peatland Subsidence in Selangor, Malaysia Using the APSIS-DInSAR Technique.
- Author
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de la Barreda-Bautista, Betsabé, Ledger, Martha J., Sjögersten, Sofie, Gee, David, Sowter, Andrew, Cole, Beth, Page, Susan E., Large, David J., Evans, Chris D., Tansey, Kevin J., Evers, Stephanie, and Boyd, Doreen S.
- Subjects
- *
LAND subsidence , *WOOD-pulp , *LAND clearing , *PEATLANDS , *WATER table , *ECOSYSTEM health - Abstract
Tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia have experienced widespread subsidence due to forest clearance and drainage for agriculture, oil palm and pulp wood production, causing concerns about their function as a long-term carbon store. Peatland drainage leads to subsidence (lowering of peatland surface), an indicator of degraded peatlands, while stability/uplift indicates peatland accumulation and ecosystem health. We used the Advanced Pixel System using the Intermittent SBAS (ASPIS-DInSAR) technique with biophysical and geographical data to investigate the impact of peatland drainage and agriculture on spatial patterns of subsidence in Selangor, Malaysia. Results showed pronounced subsidence in areas subjected to drainage for agricultural and oil palm plantations, while stable areas were associated with intact forests. The most powerful predictors of subsidence rates were the distance from the drainage canal or peat boundary; however, other drivers such as soil properties and water table levels were also important. The maximum subsidence rate detected was lower than that documented by ground-based methods. Therefore, whilst the APSIS-DInSAR technique may underestimate absolute subsidence rates, it gives valuable information on the direction of motion and spatial variability of subsidence. The study confirms widespread and severe peatland degradation in Selangor, highlighting the value of DInSAR for identifying priority zones for restoration and emphasising the need for conservation and restoration efforts to preserve Selangor peatlands and prevent further environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Preparation of interwoven structure composite paper via polylactic acid infiltrating fiber network.
- Author
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Liu, Yifan, Wang, Liqiang, Wang, Feijie, and Ma, Shufeng
- Subjects
POLYLACTIC acid ,COMPOSITE structures ,WOOD-pulp ,FIBERS ,CONTACT angle ,HYDROXYL group - Abstract
Cellulose is commonly acknowledged as a sustainable material owing to its abundance and renewability. However, the abundance of hydroxyl groups makes the paper material highly hydrophilic, and the hydrogen bonds between the fibers are easily broken by water, leading to the degradation of mechanical properties. This work details the fabrication of a composite paper comprising interwoven cellulose and polylactic acid (PLA) structures through hot‐pressing and PLA impregnation onto handwritten paper derived from conventional wood pulp fibers as the substrate. The investigation assessed how varying PLA concentrations influenced the overall characteristics of the composite paper, including its morphology, structure, mechanical properties, water absorption behavior, and water contact angle. Experimental results revealed that the composite paper fabricated through our approach exhibited an intertwined structure comprising both PLA and cellulose. With a tensile index reaching 33.24 kN·m/kg and a mere 31.1% loss in tensile index post‐water treatment, the mechanical properties of the composite paper were significantly enhanced due to the robust interfacial compatibility between cellulose and PLA, as well as the adhesive effect of PLA. Furthermore, the composite paper (CP) is easily processable and amenable to thermoforming into paper trays as required, indicative of its potential applications in the packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Determining the Pulping Conditions and Properties of Unbleached Pulp from Uruguayan Pinus Taeda.
- Author
-
Palombo, Viviana, Clavijo, Leonardo, and Cabrera, María Noel
- Subjects
LOBLOLLY pine ,SULFATE waste liquor ,SULFATE pulping process ,WOOD-pulp ,WOOD ,WOOD chips - Abstract
Copyright of Ingeniería (0121-750X) is the property of Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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25. Relative Expression of Genes Elicited by Clonostachys rosea in Pinus radiata Induces Systemic Resistance.
- Author
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Moraga-Suazo, Priscila, Le-Feuvre, Regis, Navarrete, Dario, and Sanfuentes, Eugenio
- Subjects
CANKER (Plant disease) ,PINUS radiata ,FORESTS & forestry ,WOOD-pulp ,BIOLOGICAL pest control agents ,FOREST products industry - Abstract
Radiata pine is one of the most commonly planted tree species in Chile due to its fast growth and desirable wood and pulp properties. However, its productivity is hampered by several diseases. Pitch canker disease (PCC) caused by Fusarium circinatum, is considered the most damaging disease to the pine forest industry. Several control measures have been established, with biological control emerging as an environmentally friendly and effective way for F. circinatum control. Previous studies support the value of Clonostachys rosea in reducing PCC damage, with evidence suggesting a potential induced systemic resistance (ISR) triggered in radiata pines by this agent. Ten-month-old radiata pine plants were pre-treated with C. rosea on a substrate at 8 and 1 days before inoculation with F. circinatum on the stem tip, and expression levels were determined for DXS1, LOX, PAL, and PR3 genes 24 h later. Lesion length was 45% lower on plants pre-treated with C. rosea and infected with F. circinatum compared to non-pre-treated and infected plants. Additionally, LOX and PR3 were induced 23 and 62 times more, respectively, in comparison to untreated plants. Our results indicate that C. rosea causes an ISR response in pre-treated plants, significantly increasing the expression of resistance genes and reducing lesion length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Paper-based material with hydrophobic and antimicrobial properties: Advanced packaging materials for food applications.
- Author
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Shi Jieying, Li Tingting, Wu Caie, Zhou Dandan, Fan Gongjian, and Li Xiaojing
- Subjects
FOOD packaging ,PACKAGING materials ,PLASTICS in packaging ,FOOD preservation ,WOOD-pulp - Abstract
The environmental challenges posed by plastic pollution have prompted the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives to disposable plastic packaging and utensils. Paper-based materials, derived from renewable resources such as wood pulp, non-wood pulp (bamboo pulp, straw pulp, reed pulp, etc.), and recycled paper fibers, are distinguished by their recyclability and biodegradability, making them promising substitutes in the field of plastic food packaging. Despite their merits, challenges like porosity, hydrophilicity, limited barrier properties, and a lack of functionality have restricted their packaging potential. To address these constraints, researchers have introduced antimicrobial agents, hydrophobic substances, and other functional components to improve both physical and functional properties. This enhancement has resulted in notable improvements in food preservation outcomes in real-world scenarios. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent progress in hydrophobic antimicrobial paper-based materials. In addition to outlining the characteristics and functions of commonly used antimicrobial substances in food packaging, it consolidates the current research landscape and preparation techniques for hydrophobic paper. Furthermore, the paper explores the practical applications of hydrophobic antimicrobial paper-based materials in agricultural produce, meat, and seafood, as well as ready-to-eat food packaging. Finally, challenges in production, application, and recycling processes are outlined to ensure safety and efficacy, and prospects for the future development of antimicrobial hydrophobic paper-based materials are discussed. Overall, the emergence of hydrophobic antimicrobial paper-based materials stands out as a robust alternative to plastic food packaging, offering a compelling solution with superior food preservation capabilities. In the future, paper-based materials with antimicrobial and hydrophobic functionalities are expected to further enhance food safety as promising packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Preparation of PBT@PP-CNC@cellulose wood pulp paper double-layers fuel filtration materials with high efficiency and high dust holding capacity.
- Author
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Zhao, Yixia, Zhang, Shuaihao, Kang, Weimin, Wang, Shuaishuai, and Li, Yafang
- Subjects
- *
WOOD-pulp , *PAPER pulp , *FUEL filters , *DUST , *OIL filters , *PETROLEUM as fuel - Abstract
In the engine of heavy trucks, the built-in fuel filter assumes the role of "lungs". The core of the filter, namely the fuel filter paper, acts as a filter for small impurities and separates oil and water. In order to be able to separate minute impurities from the fuel, in this study, we prepared a novel fuel oil filter paper with high efficiency and high dust holding capacity based on wet-laid forming by laminating PBT/PP two-component melt-blown nonwoven material and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)-doped cellulose wood fiber pulp with the fiber mesh combination forming technology. The effects of the CNC mixing ratio, surface density of melt-blown nonwoven material layer, surface density of cellulose wood pulp paper layer and calendaring pressure on the pore size and filtration performance of the composite samples were investigated, and the filtration efficiency of the composite samples on the tiny impurities in the fuel were also studied. The results showed that the novel composite fuel filter paper material prepared by the combined forming technology of fibrous web had high filtration efficiency and dust holding capacity, and the filtration efficiency of the composite samples could respectively reach 99.90% and 99.52% for particles larger than 14 μm and 4 μm in diameter in the fuel. At the same time, the dust holding capacity of the composite sample can reach up to 27.63 mgcm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Beyond cotton and polyester: An evaluation of emerging feedstocks and conversion methods for the future of fashion industry.
- Author
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Frazier, Ryen M., Vivas, Keren A., Azuaje, Ivana, Vera, Ramon, Pifano, Alonzo, Forfora, Naycari, Jameel, Hasan, Ford, Ericka, Pawlak, Joel J., Venditti, Richard, and Gonzalez, Ronalds
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,TEXTILE industry ,BIOMASS conversion ,CIRCULAR economy ,GEOGRAPHICAL perception ,WOOD-pulp - Abstract
As the global population grows, the demand for textiles is increasing rapidly. However, this puts immense pressure on manufacturers to produce more fiber. While synthetic fibers can be produced cheaply, they have a negative impact on the environment. On the other hand, fibers from wool, sisal, fique, wood pulp (viscose), and man-made cellulose fibers (MMCFs) from cotton cannot alone meet the growing fiber demand without major stresses on land, water, and existing markets using these materials. With a greater emphasis on transparency and circular economy practices, there is a need to consider natural non-wood alternative sources for MMCFs to supplement other fiber types. However, introducing new feedstocks with different compositions may require different biomass conversion methods. Therefore, based on existing work, this review addresses the technical feasibility of various alternative feedstocks for conversion to textile-grade fibers. First, alternative feedstocks are introduced, and then conventional (dissolving pulp) and emerging (fibrillated cellulose and recycled material) conversion technologies are evaluated to help select the most suitable and promising processes for these emerging alternative sources of cellulose. It is important to note that for alternative feedstocks to be adopted on a meaningful scale, high biomass availability and proximity of conversion facilities are critical factors. In North America, soybean, wheat, rice, sorghum, and sugarcane residues are widely available and most suitable for conventional conversion through various dissolving pulp production methods (prehydrolysis kraft, acid sulfite, soda, SO2 -ethanol-water, and potassium hydroxide) or by emerging cellulose fibrillation methods. While dissolving pulp conversion is well-established, fibrillated cellulose methods could be beneficial from cost, efficiency, and environmental perspectives. Thus, the authors strongly encourage more work in this growing research area. However, conducting thorough cost and sustainability assessments is important to determine the best feedstock and technology combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
29. Effect of enzyme lignin oxidation by laccase on the enzymatic-mechanical production process of lignocellulose nanofibrils from mechanical pulp.
- Author
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Henríquez-Gallegos, Sergio, Albornoz-Palma, Gregory, Andrade, Andrea, Filgueira, Daniel, Méndez-Miranda, Alejandro, Teixeira Mendonça, Regis, and Pereira, Miguel
- Subjects
LIGNINS ,LIGNOCELLULOSE ,MANUFACTURING processes ,WOOD-pulp ,LACCASE ,PINUS radiata - Abstract
The use of endoglucanase enzymes as pretreatment of high-yield pulps to produce lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) has garnered increasing interest at both industrial and scientific levels. However, the lignin present in the lignocellulosic fibers hinders the enzymatic treatment reducing the efficiency of the further fibrillation process. This work postulates that modifying the structure of the residual lignin in the pulp can help to improve LCNF production. Laccase-mediator system (LMS) was evaluated to promote lignin oxidation of pressurized groundwood pulp from Pinus radiata previous to a treatment with endoglucanases and mechanical refining to produce LCNFs. As a result, it was observed that the LMS treatment improved the accessibility of the endoglucanase enzyme in the fibers, increasing their efficiency. Furthermore, it was observed a reduction in residual lignin and an increment in acidic groups in the LMS treated pulps facilitated the mechanical fibrillation process, enabling the production of LCNFs with a high aspect ratio. It was also observed that the pulps treated with a laccase-endoglucanase combination allowed to production of LCNF suspensions with zeta potential values sufficient for the nanofibrils not to form aggregates and to be considered stable (< − 25 mV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Lignin Biosynthesis in Styrax tonkinensis Branches.
- Author
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Han, Chao, Xu, Qiunuan, Chen, Hong, Peng, Huiwu, and Yu, Fangyuan
- Subjects
LIGNINS ,BIOSYNTHESIS ,TRANSCRIPTOMES ,LIGNIN structure ,WOOD quality ,WOOD-pulp ,RAW materials - Abstract
Approximately 12% of China's papermaking raw materials are derived from wood, while the majority are sourced from branches. Styrax tonkinensis is a more desirable species for pulpwood in subtropical ultra-short rotations, whose branches are prone to breakage. Lignin has a significant impact on wood quality and pulping yield, and the growth process influences lignin biosynthesis. To explore the lignin biosynthesis pathway in S. tonkinensis, we determined the lignin content in the current-year and biennial branches on 20 July, 20 September, and 20 October and analyzed the transcriptome sequencing results. It was concluded that the lignin content showed an increasing trend in the current-year branches (182.26, 206.17, and 213.47 mg/g, respectively), while that in the biennial branches showed a decrease in the samples taken in October, without significant difference (221.77, 264.43, and 261.83 mg/g, respectively). The transcriptome sequencing results showed that 91,513 unigenes were spliced with a total length of 92,961,618 bp. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Our study suggested that CCoAOMT, COMT, peroxidase, and F5H may serve as key enzymes regulating lignin synthesis in branches of S. tonkinensis, thereby influencing the lignin content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. First report of the wattle rust pathogen, Uromycladium acaciae (Raveneliaceae, Pucciniales) in Ethiopia.
- Author
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Pham, Nam Q, Wingfield, Michael J, Marincowitz, Seonju, Tanga, Agena A, Tiki, Kumela R, Kassie, Weldesenbet B, Hurley, Brett P, Germishuizen, Ilaria, Lawson, Simon A, Healey, Madaline A, and Wondafrash, Mesfin
- Subjects
RUST diseases ,MANGIUM ,WOOD-pulp ,RIBOSOMAL DNA ,NUCLEOTIDE sequence - Abstract
Australian Acacia species are among the most important trees planted for wood and pulp production in several African countries, including Ethiopia. In 2020, symptoms of a serious shoot and leaf rust disease were observed on black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) trees across the three main wattle growing regions of Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to describe the disease and identify its causal agent based on morphological characteristics as well as DNA sequence data for the ITS and LSU regions of ribosomal DNA. Here we report for the first time, the presence of the wattle rust pathogen, Uromycladium acaciae, in Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Assessing the potential utilization of super teak for furniture, flooring, veneer, pulp paper and wood pellets.
- Author
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Indrawan, D. A., Damayanti, R., Ozarska, B., Illic, J., Pari, G., Krisdianto, Dewi, L. M., Pari, R., Agustiningrum, D. A., Adi, D. S., Sofianto, I. A., Djarwanto, and Rahmanto, R. G. H.
- Subjects
- *
WOOD pellets , *WOOD-pulp , *PAPER pulp , *WOOD floors , *TEAK , *WASTE paper , *EUCALYPTUS - Abstract
Super teak is a fast grown species of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) derived from several clones. This has facilitated plantation rotations as short as 5 years. The main target of conventional plantation teak was initially for high value logs. Young teak wood from plantation forest usually has a small diameter. Moreover, the wood from very young stems is unsuitable for direct utilization, but advance wood processing technology can improve the wood properties of small diameter logs. This study aimed to assess the potential utilization of young super teak for high quality products namely furniture, flooring, and veneer, and assess the possibility of the use of manufacture waste for pulp paper and wood pellets as side products. The evaluation were carried out according to the National Indonesian Standard and other international standard requirements. 18 logs from wet (Bogor) and dry (Magetan) sites representing large, medium, and small diameter classes were collected. According to SNI 01-0608-1989 Timber for Furniture, 5-year-old super teak was suitable for furniture production. Furthermore, according to SNI 7732.1: 2011: Teak Veneer, the super teak was classified as Grade C because of the presence of sapwood, pinholes, tight and lose knots. According to Australian Timber Flooring Association, 5-year-old super teak was classifiesd as soft flooring group, the same group as mature teak & radiata pine. The young super teak was classified as Class Quality/Group II with very low active alkali consumption and low Kappa Number according to Indonesian wood fibre criteria for pulp and paper materials and Association of Pulp and Paper in Brazil. Finally, based on SNI 802: 2014 Wood Pellet, the super teak was recommended as by-products for utilising the wood waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Behind the US export numbers.
- Subjects
RUBBER goods ,FOREST products ,ANIMAL feeds ,HAY trade ,CONSUMER goods ,WOOD-pulp ,FATS & oils ,POULTRY farms - Abstract
The article focuses on the trends in US containerized exports in 2023, revealing a slight overall increase of 0.3 percent after three years of decline. Topics include a 5.7 percent rise in chemical and plastic resin exports, a 6.9 percent increase in recyclables shipments, and declines in exports of automobiles and parts, paper and forest products, and agricultural goods by 3.5 percent, 8.8 percent, and 6.1 percent respectively.
- Published
- 2024
34. A wood pulp sponge cleaning wipe as a high-performance bioanode material in microbial electrochemical systems for its vast biomass carrying capacity, large capacitance, and small charge transfer resistance.
- Author
-
Yang, Pinpin, Gao, Yaqian, He, Weihua, An, Jingkun, Liu, Jia, Li, Nan, and Feng, Yujie
- Subjects
WOOD-pulp ,SPONGE (Material) ,CHARGE transfer ,CARBONIZATION ,MICROBIAL fuel cells ,CHARGE exchange ,CONDUCTING polymers ,POLYPYRROLE - Abstract
• Cellulose sponge derived anode is highly conductive and biocompatible. • The carbonized cellulose sponges-based anode is competitive in power density. • Large surface area and capacitance help direct extracellular electron transfer. • Multilayer folded structure with pores enhance load more Geobacter spp. • Already industrialized characteristic facilitate large-scale applications. Microbial electrochemical systems are a promising green and sustainable technology that can transform waste into electricity. Improving conversion efficiency and lowering system costs, particularly for electrodes, are the primary directions that promote practical application. Cellulose sponges made from wood pulp have been industrially mass-produced in various application scenarios due to their porosity and green sustainability. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) porous cellulose sponges carbon (CSC) was obtained by directly carbonizing cellulose sponges at different temperatures (600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C). It has been successfully used as a high-performance anode in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The carbonization temperature significantly impacted the materials' specific surface area, conductivity, and capacitance. The greater the anode material's carbonization temperature, the lower the charge transfer resistance and the higher the maximum power density (CSC-1100, 4.1 ± 0.1 W m
–2 ). The CSC-700′s maximum power density (3.62 ± 0.11 W m–2 ) was the highest power density reported to date among lignocellulose-based anodes with relatively low energy consumption. The pleated multilayer porous surface promotes microbial adhesion and can build thicker biofilms with the highest biomass of 2661 ± 117 μg cm–2 (CSC-1100) and containing 86 % electrogenic bacteria (Geobacter). To investigate the effect of conducting polymers on the material's surface, we introduced polyaniline and polypyrrole. We found that the CSC-1000/PPy bioanodes produced a maximum power density (4.18 ± 0.05 W m–2 ), slightly higher than of without polypyrrole-modified (CSC-1000, 3.99 ± 0.06 W m–2 ), indicating that the CSCs anode surface had excellent electron transfer efficiency and could achieve the same amount of energy as the polypyrrole surface. This study introduced a promising method for fabricating high-performance anodes using low-cost, industrialized, and sustainable materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. U.S. Stamp News Sampler: Paper.
- Author
-
Obrig, James H.
- Subjects
MANUFACTURING processes ,PAPERMAKING ,WOOD-pulp ,STAMP collecting ,CREDIT cards - Abstract
The article "U.S. Stamp News Sampler: Paper" by James H. Obrig provides valuable information on the study of paper in stamp collecting. It emphasizes the importance of identifying different types of paper used in stamps, as it can impact their value. The article traces the history of paper, from its origins in China to the introduction of the Fourdrinier Paper Machine in France. It also delves into the manufacturing process of various types of paper used in stamp production, including the formation of designs, watermarks, and patterns. The author concludes by listing different types of paper and providing examples of stamps printed on each type. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
36. Production of high-quality dissolving pulp from eucalyptus wood chips using deep eutectic solvent and elemental chlorine-free bleaching.
- Author
-
Hamzeh, Yahya, Monot, Claire, Marlin, Nathalie, Burnet, Auphélia, Mortha, Gérard, Petit-Conil, Michel, and Rigou, Panagiota
- Subjects
- *
EUCALYPTUS , *WOOD chips , *MOISTURE in wood , *WOOD-pulp , *CHOLINE chloride , *LACTIC acid , *SOLVENTS - Abstract
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) provides promising alternatives to conventional pulping and cellulose purification with significantly lower energy consumption and impacts on the environment. In this work, choline chloride – lactic acid (ChCl-LA DES) pulping of eucalyptus wood chips combined with several ECF bleaching sequences was investigated to produce high-grade dissolving pulps. Initially, the dependency of DES pulping yield and delignification efficiency on the moisture content (MC) of used wood chips was evaluated. The results exhibited the crucial influence of the MC of wood chips on the delignification efficiency of DES pulping. DES pulping under optimized conditions resulted in an unbleached pulp with kappa number of 42, relatively high screened yield 48.1% and viscosity 796 cm3/g, as well as very low hemicellulose content, typically less than 3.8%. Further purification of the obtained pulp using D-Ep-D and OO-D-Ep-D bleaching sequences produces several dissolving pulps characterized by a high viscosity 695 cm3/g and brightness 89.5% ISO, indicating low degradation of cellulose during DES pulping. DES pulping exhibited considerable potential to remove the hemicelluloses from wood chips and produce high-quality dissolving pulps. This could be attained through shorter pulping operations conducted at a lower temperature and a higher screened yield compared to current dissolving pulp production operations. Deep eutectic solvent is able to delignify eucalyptus wood chips efficiently at moderate temperature. Moisture content of eucalyptus wood chips has crucial influence on pulping. Pulp contains very low hemicellulose. DES pulps are bleached easily using ECF bleaching sequences. DES pulping of eucalyptus wood chips followed by ECF bleaching produces high quality dissolving pulp with low energy and chemical consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. DEVELOPMENT OF WOOD GRINDING. 6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FRICTIONAL COEFFICIENT IN GRINDING OF SPRUCE WOOD.
- Author
-
LÖNNBERG, BRUNO
- Subjects
- *
WOOD-pulp , *PULPING , *TENSILE strength , *GRINDING & polishing , *WOOD - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the wood grinding model -- based on an energy balance for the grinding zone -- would improve understanding of wood grinding for pulp. This study relied on previously obtained data by the Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute. The frictional coefficient (Pc/Pt) computed and the power-specific groundwood production (Ġw/Pt) were important x- and y- variables, respectively. Fresh spruce wood samples were ground by application of a laboratory grinder, where the stone surface speeds were 30, 15 and 7 m/s, respectively. The power-specific productivities of high- and medium-speed grindings followed one and the same mechanism, since both speeds led to a productivity of 0.99 [(kg/h)/kW]; the low-speed grinding, however, led to a level of 0.66 [(kg/h)/kW] at frictional coefficients closest to 100 mW/kW. The rate of formation of coarse rejects was -- at the same frictional coefficient as before -- 15.0, 4.3 and 2.3 mg/s for high-, medium- and low-speed grindings, respectively. However, the rate of fines formation determined by McNett apparatus was about ten times higher than that of formation of coarse rejects: 123.0, 42.2 and 23.7 mg/s, respectively. The fines-to-shives ratio (determined by a Somerville shive analyser) was assumed to indicate fiberisation for high-, medium- and low-speed grindings, and the true data, most close to 100 mW/kW, were 56.0, 55.9 and 36.1 units of fines-to-shives, respectively. The curves followed the same trend, but on slightly different levels. As for the important sheet properties, the tensile strengths of high-, medium- and low-speed grindings were low, medium and high, respectively: 37.1, 46.9 and 56.2 Nm/g. The light scattering coefficients of high-, medium- and lowspeed grindings were low, medium and high, respectively, or as data being most close to 100 mW/kW: 59.2, 66.0 and 67.5 m2/kg, respectively. Some general conclusions may be drawn from these results. To achieve the best groundwood productivity, the frictional coefficient should be kept on a level close to 100 mW/kW. Generally speaking, it seems that high- and medium-speed grindings appeared to act as following the same mechanism as far as the productivity was concerned, but the rates of shives and fines formation did not follow such a pattern. The groundwood sheets showed lower tensile strength in high-speed grinding than in medium-speed grinding, while the light scattering coefficient was much lower for the high-speed grinding than for the medium-speed grinding. Because of its low productivity, the low-speed grinding does not seem to be useful, although high tensile strength and high light scattering of the sheets would plead for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Chemical properties, crystallinity, and fiber biometry of Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) wood for pulp raw material: the effect of age and position.
- Author
-
Darwis, Atmawi, Karliati, Tati, Sutrisno, Alamsyah, Eka Mulya, Rumidatul, Alfi, Melani, Lili, Kim, Hyoung Jin, Iswanto, Apri Heri, and Fatriasari, Widya
- Subjects
- *
WOOD-pulp , *DETERIORATION of materials , *RAW materials , *CHEMICAL properties , *CELLULOSE fibers , *BIOMETRY - Abstract
Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) is a promising plant species with straight, visually pleasing trunks that can be harvested at a young age as a resource for pulp and paper production due to the rapid growth rate possessed. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the chemical composition and fiber biometry of 3, 6, and 9-year-old Jabon wood, determining their suitability as a pulp and paper raw material. Samples were collected from both stem and branch sections and analyzed according to the Tappi standard. Fiber cell maceration was conducted to enable the precise measurement of fiber dimensions and derivatives. The results showed high cellulose, holocellulose, and lignin content in Jabon wood, with low to moderate levels of extractives and ash. Additionally, the crystallinity index (CrI) increased with age, particularly from 3 to 9 years old. The branch of the plant, with Grade II fiber derivative quality, had lower CrI compared to the stem, while the inner stem showed a lesser value than the outer part. In conclusion, 3-year-old Jabon wood is a potential raw material for pulp and paper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A model transfer strategy based on screening stable wavelength for quantitative analysis of holocellulose and lignin content distribution in pulpwood.
- Author
-
Wang, Honghong, Xiong, Zhixin, and Liang, Long
- Subjects
- *
LIGNINS , *EUCALYPTUS , *LIGNIN structure , *NEAR infrared spectroscopy , *QUANTITATIVE research , *CHINA fir , *WAVELENGTHS , *WOOD-pulp - Abstract
The application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technology in analyzing the compositional content of wood from pulping raw materials suffers from the problem that the multivariate correction model cannot be shared among different NIR spectrometers. To address this problem, NIR spectra of 84 samples of common pulpwood species (Cunninghamia lanceolata, Eucalyptus robusta Smith, Acacia, Pinus massoniana, Populus L) are analyzed by traditional laboratory methods for the content of their main components (holocellulose and lignin content). Screening wavelengths based on spectrum ratio analysis (SWSRA) combined with UVE algorithm is used to screen stable characteristic bands, clarify the characteristic absorption of holocellulose and lignin, and optimize the model transfer results. The results are compared with those of SWSRA, CARS, piecewise direct correction algorithm (PDS) and slope intercept algorithm (S/B). The results show that for holocellulose, the 653 wavelengths screened by the SWSRA-UVE method contain a large amount of overtone and group frequency absorption information of C–H and O–H of holocellulose. For lignin, the 639 wavelengths screened by the SWSRA-UVE method contain a large amount of overtone and group frequency absorption information of lignin C–H and C=O. The SWSRA-UVE algorithm is optimal in improving the transfer effect of the models. This method can effectively remove the unimportant wavelengths in the SWSRA method and significantly improve the transfer accuracy and efficiency of the master models. This study contributes to the promotion of near-infrared spectroscopy in the rapid analysis and determination of the main components of pulping raw wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Evaluation of Recycled Paperboard Properties and Characteristics.
- Author
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Tikhomirova, Ekaterina, Aleksandrov, Denis, Tofanica, Bogdan-Marian, and Mikhailidi, Aleksandra
- Subjects
CARDBOARD ,FIBERBOARD ,WOOD-pulp ,PACKAGE printing ,ELECTRONIC paper ,CELLULOSE fibers ,PACKAGING materials ,DIGITAL printing - Abstract
Paperboard boxes represent a sought-after class of packaging products, where the use of recycled fibers offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to virgin fibers. The presence of a significant proportion of recycled fibers in the paperboard leads to a number of limitations associated with the deterioration of its characteristics. In this study, the properties of coated and uncoated paperboards containing recycled fibers, wood pulp, and virgin cellulose fibers were investigated using a laboratory sample of paperboard produced from 100% recycled fibers without any chemical additives for comparison. Properties such as smoothness, bulk density, absorbency, and tensile strength, as well as colorimetric characteristics, were determined for the recycled paperboards; for the latter test, charts were printed using inkjet printing and UV-curable inks. Whiteness was calculated by three formulae (CIE, Berger, and Stensby), and all the paperboards had a relatively low whiteness (not exceeding 90 CIE), with a yellowish tint due to recycled fibers and mechanical pulp in the composition. The absence of optical brightening agents in the paperboards was experimentally confirmed. The color gamuts of the paperboards were in direct ratio to their whiteness, with the highest ones demonstrated by the coated paperboards. Color reproduction, according to the tone value increase curves, also depended on the whiteness. Uncoated paperboards demonstrated smaller color shifts than the coated ones, with the greatest increase in tone for yellow color. Coated recycled paperboards are suitable for packaging printing under the same conditions as virgin fiber boards, while uncoated boards are the recommended choice for digital printing with UV inks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Linkage between forest cover and trade in forest products: an empirical evidence from BRICS and EU nations.
- Author
-
Singh, Sarbjit, Ali, Jabir, and Arora, Rahul
- Subjects
- *
FOREST products , *WOOD products , *WOOD-pulp , *GRAVITY model (Social sciences) - Abstract
The present research aims at analyzing the determinants of trade in forest products across BRICS and EU nations by using forest cover as one of the determining factors. For this purpose, a gravity model has been utilized for the country panel of BRICS and EU from 1996 to 2020. Five product categories corresponding to the forest trade (at HS-2 level) have been considered for the analysis. Further, Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood method has been used to estimate the gravity model. The study found that the forest cover of the trading nations from BRICS and EU has affected bilateral exports of primary wood products, wood pulp products, and related items significantly. The control variables included in the gravity model have resonated the results of existing literature. The study provides good policy insights on promoting trade in forest products by adopting appropriate forest conservation policies and other interventions that can help countries in increasing their respective forest covers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Suitable dissolving pulps and their impacts on solution spinning of cellulose man-made fibers.
- Author
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Kosan, Birgit, Thümmler, Katrin, Meister, Frank, and Römhild, Katrin
- Subjects
CELLULOSE fibers ,PAPER pulp ,WOOD-pulp ,COTTON fibers ,RAYON ,BIOGENIC amines - Abstract
Fiber demand and production of man-made cellulose fibers (MMCFs) such as Viscose rayon, Modal and Lyocell fibers have been increasing in recent years. Today they are mostly manufactured using wood dissolving pulps. However, the growing fiber demand cannot be satisfied by dissolving pulps from wooden sources only. So, alternative pulps, also based on non-wooden materials, are needed. In this study, novel pulps, namely hemp and oil flax from biogenic residues, untreated and enzymatically treated paper pulps and recycled cotton waste, were investigated and compared to wood dissolving pulps and used for application in Lyocell dissolution and solution spinning procedures using N-methylmorpholin-N-oxide. As a function of degree of polymerization (DP), molecular weight distribution (MWD) and polydispersity (PDI), three groups of pulps with distinct characteristics could be identified. Paper pulp offered the highest DP and PDI values and the broadest MWD. Properties similar to those of wood dissolving pulps could be achieved by an enzymatic treatment. Pulps from biogenic residues exhibited a different behavior. Hemp shives-based pulp held properties comparable to wood dissolving pulps. In contrast, fiber-based oil flax and hemp pulp possessed low PDI values and tight MWDs more comparable to pulp made from recycled cotton fibers. Pulp characteristics were also found to affect the rheological behavior of spinning solutions prepared from these pulps. In summary, suitable dissolving pulps have specific impacts on solution spinning of MMCF. A careful analytical characterization by means of molecular and rheological approaches is mandatory before using a pulp in fiber spinning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Prolonging broccoli shelf life through controlled release of plai essential oil using palm wood sachet as a novel absorbent material with reusable properties.
- Author
-
Matan, Narumol and Kongchoosi, Nattana
- Subjects
- *
WOOD , *ESSENTIAL oils , *BROCCOLI , *WOOD waste , *WOOD-pulp , *FOOD pathogens , *MOLDS (Fungi) , *TERPENES - Abstract
Palm wood powder derived from palm wood waste was utilized as a novel absorbent material. The investigation involved exploring its pore structure and size to achieve the controlled release of bioactive compounds from plai oil, providing protection against pathogenic bacteria and thereby extending the shelf life of broccoli. The palm wood sachet was prepared before being placed into the broccoli bag. The process to create the sachet involved freezing the palm wood at −10°C and then drying it at a temperature of 200°C. After drying, the material was ground to achieve a particle size of 20 mesh and then packaged into sachets made from wood pulp. The optimized palm wood plai oil sachet (PWPS), measuring 5 × 7 cm, with a thickness of 0.58 µm, was produced by soaking 2 g of palm powder in plai oil at a concentration of 30 µL/mL before drying and packing it inside a 5‐L polyethylene plastic bag (24 × 34 cm) along with broccoli (150 g). The packages were kept at 4°C for 20 days to determine the antimicrobial activity of the PWPS and broccoli quality. PWPS significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes in broccoli for at least 20 days. The sachet demonstrated complete inhibition of all bacteria when reused at least two times and an 80% reduction in efficacy after three uses. Moreover, the PWPS controlled the growth of total aerobic bacteria and yeast and mold in broccoli, meeting microbiological criteria for up to 14 days. Broccoli stored with PWPS showed good quality results and contained high antioxidant value. These results demonstrate the potential application of PWPS in controlling food pathogens and spoilage microbes during storage. Practical Application: This study introduces a novel absorbent material made from palm wood powder, addressing the need for utilizing abundant waste palm wood in the food industry. The material benefits the safe transportation of vegetables from farms to markets. Its porous structure allows efficient absorption of plai oil emulsion, ensuring pathogen‐free and high‐quality treated broccoli. The reusable sachets benefit farmers seeking to extend the shelf life of fresh produce. This cost‐effective method utilizes plai oil vapor, making it suitable for large‐scale production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. INFLUENCE OF ETHOCEL POLYMER (EC) LOADED WITH INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES (ZNO-NPS) ON THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WOODEN PAPER.
- Author
-
Salim, E.
- Subjects
WOOD-pulp ,CHEMICAL properties ,PAPER pulp ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,NANOPARTICLES - Abstract
The paper aims to determine the effectiveness of ethocel polymer, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and ethocel/ZnO nanocomposite for the consolidation of wooden paper pulp. Aged paper samples were treated with ZnO (0.5%,1%), ethocel (0.5%,1%), and ethocel loaded with ZnO NPs. The treated paper samples with the selected consolidated materials were submitted to artificial aging to evaluate their aging behavior. Visual examination, studying the paper morphology by SEM microscopy, FTIR-ATR analysis, colorimetric measurements, and determining the tensile properties were performed to study the morphological or chemical change that could occur due to consolidation or artificial aging. The data revealed that the consolidation treatment enhances the chemical stability of wood paper pulp. The data of yellowness and brightness reveals that the most effective treatment for decreasing the yellowness of aged paper is ZnO NPs, regardless of the effect of nano zinc on enhancing brightness properties; it has also been able to improve yellowness value. The results showed that ethocel loaded with nano zinc gave a noticeable improvement in the tensile properties of the aged wood pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Characterization of spray dried cellulose nanofibrils produced by a disk refining process at different fineness levels.
- Author
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Hwang, Sungjun, Walker, Colleen C., Ozcan, Soydan, Tekinalp, Halil, Han, Yousoo, and Gardner, Douglas J.
- Subjects
SPRAY drying ,CELLULOSE ,SULFATE pulping process ,WOOD-pulp ,SCANNING electron microscopes ,CELLULOSE fibers ,SOFTWOOD - Abstract
Three types of wood pulp feedstocks including bleached softwood kraft, unbleached softwood kraft and old corrugated containers were disk refined to produce cellulose nanofibrils at different fineness levels ranging from 50 to 100%, and the resulting aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanofibrils were spray dried. The spray drying experiments were carried out to examine different processing conditions for the different CNF feedstock types and fines level at various suspension concentrations to produce dry samples with free-flowing powder morphologies. The fineness levels and solids contents of CNF suspensions were set to 80% or more and 1.8% or less, respectively. If the solids content of the CNF solutions was high and the fibrillation level was low, plugging was experienced in the spray head because of the high viscosity of the suspensions, resulting in production of poor-quality powders. In terms of reduction in processing energy, even if the CNF suspension solids content was increased to 1.5 wt.%, the powder quality and the production yields were excellent. It was confirmed that high-quality powder under 20 µm were produced at a 90% fibrillation level of all CNF feedstocks. The resulting dry CNF powders were characterized to determine particle size distributions and morphological properties via a scanning electron microscope and a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The particle sizes were smaller at higher fibrillation levels and lower solids content of the CNF suspensions. The CNF suspension derived from bleached kraft pulp, the average particle size decreased by 43% and 33% with the lowered solids contents from 1.8 to 1%, and the increased fineness levels from 80 to 100%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Wide Distribution of Teratosphaeria epicoccoides and T. destructans Associated with Diseased Eucalyptus Leaves in Plantations in Southern China.
- Author
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Chen, Bingyin, Wu, Wenxia, and Chen, Shuaifei
- Subjects
EUCALYPTUS ,GENETIC variation ,LEAF spots ,PLANTATIONS ,WOOD-pulp ,WOOD products - Abstract
Species of Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae represent over 40% of the fungi identified on eucalypt leaves worldwide. These include some important pathogens that mainly cause leaf blight and spot, and result in increasingly negative impacts on global commercial eucalypt industries. Eucalyptus plantations are commonly cultivated in southern China for solid wood and pulp products. However, the species diversity and geographic distribution of Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae, associated with diseased plantation Eucalyptus leaves in China, have not been clarified. In this study, we conducted the first systematic surveys and sample collections of Mycosphaerellaceae- and Teratosphaeriaceae-like fungi from diseased plantation Eucalyptus leaves in southern China. In total, 558 isolates were obtained from 59 sampled sites in five provinces. One isolate was isolated from each tree. According to the disease symptoms, conidia morphological characteristics, and DNA sequence comparisons of ITS, tef1 and tub2 gene regions. The 558 isolates were identified as Teratosphaeria epicoccoides (312 isolates; 55.9%) and T. destructans (246 isolates, 44.1%). Both species were widely distributed in the sampled regions in southern China. The genotypes of T. epicoccoides and T. destructans were determined based on ITS, tef1, and tub2 sequences. The results showed that multiple genotypes of each species of T. epicoccoides and T. destructans exist in China. Additionally, isolates with multiple genotypes were obtained in all five sampled provinces. These results suggest that both T. epicoccoides and T. destructans are not clonal. This study proved that both T. epicoccoides and T. destructans are dominant species and widely distributed on diseased Eucalyptus leaves in southern China. The wide geographic distribution and potential high genetic diversity pose challenges for the disease management of Teratosphaeria leaf blight and leaf spot in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. EFFICIENCY OF WATER PURIFICATION FROM FOOD PRODUCTION USING BIOCHAR.
- Author
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Suchánková, Jana, Roupcová, Petra, and Slaný, Jan
- Subjects
- *
WATER purification , *FOOD production , *CHEMICAL oxygen demand , *WOOD-pulp , *WASTEWATER treatment , *BIOCHAR - Abstract
Today, more than in the past, water is considered a very valuable resource. Efforts to use it efficiently are growing. One method of using water efficiently is wastewater treatment. Well-treated water minimises negative impacts after discharge into a watercourse, i.e., within or adjacent to aquatic ecosystems, or can be reused, for example, in the form of drinking water. This study focuses on the possibility of treating food industry water using biochar as a sorption medium. Biochar from wood pulp (100%) was used for the experiments. The wastewater collected was a mixture from two production plants, focussing on aspics, fish spreads, or cheese processing. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the efficiency of the sorption properties of a specific type of biochar in terms of its weighting of different masses for an identical volume of wastewater and also in terms of different sorption times (time dependence). The efficiency was addressed in the context of the determination of the chemical oxygen demand with the oxidising agent potassium dichromate (CODCr method). The highest efficiency was achieved in the experiment with a load of 2 g of sorption reagent per litre of wastewater. No trend was demonstrated in the efficiency change with respect to the time of contact of the sorbent with the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Two Nations.
- Author
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GUTTENPLAN, D. D.
- Subjects
- *
BANK robberies , *WOOD-pulp , *OLDER men , *WORLD War II , *LATHE work - Abstract
The article discusses the politics of nostalgia in America, highlighting how both Republicans and Democrats are drawn to an idealized past. It mentions the failed campaign to save Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, two Italian immigrants who were executed in 1927 for a crime they didn't commit, as an example of the nation's division. The article also touches on the hope and nostalgia felt during Barack Obama's campaigns, and questions whether America can ever truly become one nation. The article concludes by mentioning the Fall Books issue, which features various literary gems. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
49. Use of Agro-Industrial Waste from The Cereal Sector to Obtain Cellulose.
- Author
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Jacome, Carlos, Barragán, Jessenia, Cevallos, Karolina, Flores, Dayanara, and García, Marcelo
- Subjects
CELLULOSE ,AGRICULTURAL industries ,INCINERATION ,WOOD-pulp ,FOREST conservation - Abstract
The agro-industrial grain industry generates a large amount of waste, which is often discarded, leading to environmental problems and the potential loss of valuable resources. However, in recent years an innovative approach has emerged that aims to use this waste to obtain cellulose, a compound with several industrial applications. The process of extracting cellulose from agroindustrial by-products of the food industry involves stages such as harvesting and milling, followed by a chemical and/or enzymatic treatment to obtain pure cellulose. Dependence on primary sources of pulp such as wood is reduced, thus contributing to the conservation of forests and natural ecosystems. In addition, the use of agro-industrial waste for pulp production reduces the amount of waste burned or poorly discarded, thus minimizing the environmental impacts associated with its disposal. Inadequate, in addition to the environmental benefits, the use of agro-industrial waste to obtain cellulose can also generate economic opportunities for many families who can use this medium to grow economically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Turning Waste into Treasure: The Full Technological Process and Product Performance Characterization of Flushable Wet Wipes Prepared from Corn Stalk.
- Author
-
Liu, Lulu, Wang, Yeying, He, Ziying, Cai, Yang, Meng, Kai, Zhang, Ke-Qin, and Zhao, Huijing
- Subjects
- *
NONWOVEN fabric wipes , *CORNSTALKS , *WOOD-pulp , *CHEMICAL bonds , *SYNTHETIC fibers , *SMOKE , *PLASTIC marine debris - Abstract
As a daily consumable, wet wipes are mostly synthetic fibers, which are incinerated or landfilled after use. The nanoplastics generated during this process will lead to environmental pollution. The application of flushable wet wipes, which are dispersible and fully degradable, is of great significance. The main raw material for flushable wipes is wood pulp, which has a long growth cycle and high cost. Corn is widely planted and has a short growth cycle. Currently most corn stalk is treated by incineration, which produces a lot of smoke that pollutes the environment. Therefore, using corn stalk as the raw material for flushable wet wipes, replacing wood pulp, is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. In this study, aiming at industrial production, we explored the full process of producing flushable wet wipes from corn stalk to pulp board, then to the final wipes. The corn stalk was treated using alkali and a bleaching agent to obtain corn stalk pulp, which was then made into pulp board through the nonwoven wet-laid process. The optimal parameters for the alkali treatment and bleaching were obtained. The properties of the corn stalk pulp board were compared with the commercial wood pulp board. Further, we mixed the corn stalk pulp with Lyocell fiber to prepare wet-laid webs, which were then bonded using a chemical binder poloxamer. Then, the evenness of the web, mechanical properties, absorption, and dispersibility of the flushable wipes were characterized. Results showed that the pulp obtained using the optimal treatment process has a high yield and better whiteness. The properties of the corn stalk pulp board are comparable with the commercial wood pulp board, which can therefore potentially be replaced by the corn stalk board prepared in our study. The prepared flushable wet wipes had good evenness and their water absorption rate was more than 600%. The mechanical strength in dry and wet states achieved 595.94 N/m and 179.00 N/m, respectively. Most importantly, the wet wipes can completely disperse under the standardized testing method. A good balance of dispersibility and wet strength of the wet wipes was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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