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In this work, Green and sustainable sorption method for Li(I) from nitrate medium using a solid functionalised Na+ form of Dowex 50WX8 resin was developed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques were used for characterisations of Dowex resin before and after the loading of Li ions. The batch technique describes the effects of the different parameters affecting the sorption process was carried out. The batch experiments were studied using 100 mg/L Li(I) at the selected sorption conditions (shaking time = 30 min, adsorbent weight = 0.125 g, temperature= 25°C, and pH = 1) which give sorption efficiency = 60%. The experimental maximum sorption capacity of Dowex 50WX8-Na+ after one sorption cycle was found to be 15 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the sorption of the Li(I) on Dowex 50WX8-Na+ resin is physical and exothermic adsorption with spontaneous nature. The maximum desorption efficiency of 85% and 70% was achieved with 1.0 M phosphoric acid and oxalic acid, respectively. An industrial application for green recycling and recovery of Li(I) from spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs) through its leaching with ascorbic acid (1.25 M) and H2O2 (10%) was performed. Lithium ions were selectively recovered (uptake %= 96%) from the spent Li-ions batteries leachate which contains associated metal ions (Co, Ni, and Mn) with Dowex 50Wx8-Na+ sorbent. A flow sheet that presents the performance of industrial method developed for the recycling and separation of Li(I) from (LIBs) under optimum sorption conditions is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comparison between natural and synthetic composites based on molybdate for the sorption and separation of Gd(III) from Eu(III) and Y(III) was studied. Calcium magnesium molybdate (CaMgMo) and dolomite molybdate (dolomite-Mo) composites have been prepared using the co-precipitation technique and characterised using different analytical tools such as XRD, ATR, SEM, TGA and DTA. The sorption studies applied on Gd(III), Eu(III) and Y(III) by batch technique include the effect of shaking time and pH on sorption efficiency. The data reveal that CaMgMo has higher sorption efficiency than the dolomite-Mo composite at all times and pH values. The distribution coefficients at different pHs have order: Gd(III)>>Eu(III)>Y(III) on both prepared composites. The saturation capacity of two prepared composites towards studied cations has sequence order; Gd(III) >> Eu(III) > Y(III). Reaction kinetics obeys the pseudo-2nd-order model. Binary and tertiary systems data confirm that the CaMgMo composite has high separation factors for Gd(III) at different pHs. The real sample applications prove that CaMgMo and dolomite-Mo are excellent composites for the capture of Gd(III) and Y(III) from high-grade monazite (HGM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) have a tremendous potential to sorb hydrophobic organic contaminants in the soil environment. The effects of MPs in the soil systems, however, remain largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of polyethylene and polystyrene MPs on the transport of the benzo[a]anthracene (BaA) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in soil matrices. In this study, we investigated the sorption process of BaA and BaP in batch sorption experiments in a laboratory and systematically evaluated the particle sizes of MPs (0.8, 50, 200, and 500 μm) and the environmental factors, such as pH, ionic strength, and humic acid (HA) concentration on adsorption behaviour. The results showed that the adsorption of PAHs onto MPs reached equilibrium within 24 h. The adsorption kinetics of PAHs onto MPs were fitted well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm modelling showed a better fit of the adsorption results to the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic research indicated the adsorption of BaA and BaP as spontaneous and endothermic processes. Additionally, the adsorption capacity of BaA and BaP reached the highest when polyethylene and polystyrene MPs with a particle size of 0.8 μm and 50 μm, respectively. The sorption of BaA and BaP on PE and PS MPs was significantly influenced by pH and the peaking at pH 5.0 and 7.0, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms of the BaA and BaP on MPs were dominated by electrostatic interaction, π–π interactions, and hydrophobic interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmentally, removing organic pollutants from industrial waste solutions is important. In this study, the potentiality of removing Thoron (TH) and Arsenazo III (ARZIII) pollutants was investigated using chemically stable zinc tungstate nanoparticles (ZW-NPs). The preparation of ZW-NPs was performed using an eco-friendly solvo/hydrothermal technique as a sorbent. Complete characterisation of ZW-NPs before and after the adsorption processes was performed using XRD, FT-IR, EDX, DLS, and TEM analysis. The nanostructure of the zinc tungstate and the incidence of adsorption upon the ZW-NPs were effectively demonstrated. The maximum uptakes of TH and ARZIII contaminants on the ZW-NPs sorbent were 86.3 and 94.7 mg/g respectively. These uptakes were accomplished under optimum pH of 4.0 and 5 for TH and ARZIII, respectively. The adsorption outcomes were studied using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. Modelling results indicated that the adsorption followed a pseudo-2nd-order interaction. The adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic results demonstrated the endothermic and chemisorption behaviour. Approximately, TH and ARZIII were completely removed from the laboratory waste solutions on the studied sorbent using optimal adsorption conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors analyze temperature dependences of the retention of derivatives of quinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, and pyridazino[4,5-c]quinoline under conditions of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on octadecyl silica gel. The thermodynamic characteristics of sorption of these compounds are calculated. The change in the enthalpies of sorption are found to depend on the content of acetonitrile in the water–acetonitrile eluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Aim Methods Results Conclusions Main transformation pathways of low molecular weight organic substances (LMWOS) are understood, but only limited knowledge exists on their transformations in different soils and on their interactions with biochar.Objectives were to study short‐term pathways of 13C‐labelled LMWOS with different functional groups in the presence and absence of biochar in arable loess soils.Soils from three sites were incubated with or without artificially aged biochar and 13C‐labelled acetate, alanine or glucose at different rates (10 or 50 µmol C g−1 soil) at 60% water holding capacity and 15°C for 5 days, and total and substrate‐derived CO2‐C and microbial biomass C (MBC) were determined and analyses of variance were calculated.Cumulative CO2‐C (ΣCO2‐C) emission was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by substrate rate and type and their interaction. Biochar significantly stimulated total, but not substrate‐derived ΣCO2‐C (ΣCO2‐CSD) emission. Box‐Cox transformed MBC was significantly affected by site, substrate rate and type, whereas biochar had no significant effect. Substrate‐derived MBC (MBCSD) and carbon use efficiency (CUE) were significantly affected by site, substrate rate and type and their interaction.MBCSD and CUE results at low addition rate confirmed the greater importance of glucose for the build‐up of MBC compared to acetate and alanine, whereas the latter were mineralized to a greater extent. Biochar, once it is aged, which is the typical biochar form in soil, did not significantly affect build‐up of MBCSD and CUE and only slightly increased total, but not ΣCO2‐CSD emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After isolation of radioactive waste in deep geological formations, radionuclides can enter the biosphere via slow migration through engineered barriers and host rocks. The amount of radionuclides that migrate into the biosphere depends on the distance from a repository, dominant transport mechanism (diffusion vs. advection), and interaction of dissolved radionuclides with minerals present in the host rock and engineered barrier systems. Within the framework of the European Union's Horizon 2020 EURAD project (https://www.ejp-eurad.eu/), a series of state-of-the-art reports, which form the basis of a series of papers, have been drafted. This state-of-the-art paper aims to provide non-specialists with a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the processes contributing to the radionuclide retention and migration in clay and crystalline host rocks, in a European context. For each process, a brief theoretical background is provided, together with current methodologies used to study these processes as well as references for key data. Owing to innovative research on retention and migration and the extensive knowledge obtained over decades (in the European context), process understanding and insights are continuously improving, prompting the adaptation and refinement of conceptual descriptions regarding safety assessments. Nevertheless, there remains important research questions to be investigated in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strain of fungus СР4 capable of degrading microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was isolated from the bottom sediments of Lake Sestroretsky Razliv. On the basis of DNA ITS sequencing and morphological analysis, the CP4 strain was identified as Penicillium verrucosum. The decrease in the content of MC-LR during the cultivation of strain СР4 from 0.64 to 0.31 μg/mL occurs mainly owing to biodegradation and, to a lesser extent, because of the sorption of the toxin by fungal cells. The method of biotesting (Daphnia magna) showed a decrease in the toxicity of the culture liquid in the process of MC-LR biodegradation by the strain СР4. The obtained results allow us to consider Penicillium verrucosum СР4 as a promising strain for mycoremediation of water bodies contaminated with microcystins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of radioactive Cs(I) is critical for the management of radioactive liquid waste. In this study, four sorbents impregnated with different 1,3-alternate calix[4]arane-2,4-crown-6 ligands on XAD-7 resin were prepared for Cs(I) selective removal from strongly acidic aqueous solution. The ligands differ in the substituent groups (benzyl, 4-tert-butyl benzyl, isopropyl, and n-octyl) at 1,3-alternate positions of the supramolecular platform of calix[4]arane-2,4-crown-6 ether. The sorption of Cs(I) was investigated as a function of contact time, HNO3 concentration, ligand concentration and temperature using a batch method. The experimental results indicated that Cs(I) sorption on the sorbents is rapid and reaches sorption steady state in 30 min. All sorbents exhibit excellent Cs(I) sorption selectivity in a simulated high-level liquid waste (HLLW). Cs(I) sorption on the sorbents is an exothermic process. The substituent groups of the ligands affect both the kinetics and the thermodynamics of Cs(I) sorption on the sorbents. The sorbents impregnated with benzyl and 4-tert-benzyl derivatives exhibit better Cs(I) sorption performance in terms of Cs(I) sorption distribution coefficient and Cs(I) selectivity in the simulated HLLW system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, we report the investigation on removing of the oxochromium (VI), a hazardous species, using HCl-doped polyaniline (PAni-HCl) as adsorbent versus particles size. PAni-HCl has been successfully elaborated by conventional oxidative chemical method in the temperature range (0–3 °C). The recovered powder was milled and sieved into size ranges of < 50, 50–63, 125–160 and > 200 µm. The batch adsorption experiments were performed at 25 °C, using 250 mg of PAni-HCl dispersed in 250 mL of Cr(VI) aqueous solution (250 mg L−1). The Cr(VI) uptake was significantly influenced by both the particle size and contact time. Smaller particle sizes allow a quick initial adsorption and high removal efficiency (~100%). The kinetics of the Cr(VI) adsorption follow the pseudo-second-order model. A good correlation was demonstrated between the removal chromium (VI) properties (Qe,exp, k2 and τ(%)) and the (normalized) mean diameter ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated Brazilian natural clays for copper sorption from water. Clays were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and sorption tests. Affinity tests showed that brasgel (B, 69%), chocobofe (Cb, 46%), and chocolate (Ch, 41%) had higher Cu2+ capture potential than zeolite (Z, 26%), palygorskite (P, 18%), treated palygorskite (TP, 11%), and cloisite 20A (C20A, 4%). The capture of Cu2+ by clays and zeolite occurs with the release of light metal ions, especially Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, which were initially present in the nanomaterials structure. The organomodification of clays possibly altered specific surface area, affecting Cu2+ removal. Besides, the lamellae morphology of B, Cb, and Ch and their crystalline structure of smectites facilitated the metal ion removal. Next, B, Cb, and Ch clays were selected based on their affinity with Cu2+ to investigate these systems' sorption kinetics and equilibrium isothermal. The sorption kinetics showed that the equilibration time was reached within 120 min for all clays. The Pseudo-second order (PSOR) and External mass transfer resistance (EMTR) models effectively represented the kinetics data. The isothermal equilibrium revealed that the maximum uptake capacity for clays by Cu2+ increased in the following order: B (0.264 mmol g−1) > Cb (0.223 mmol g−1) > Ch (0.177 mmol g−1). The isothermal curves better fit the Freundlich (B nanoclay) and Langmuir (Cb and Ch clays) models. The findings suggest that Brazilian clay nanostructures, particularly B, Cb, and Ch, are promising nanoadsorbents for removing bivalent copper ions from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polymeric coordination compound [Zn2(PABA)2(H2O)2Cl2]n (1) (where PABA is para-aminobenzoic acid) has been synthesized and characterized. We examined and explicated the porosity of the compound and employed a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption technique at 77 kelvins. Throughout the experiments, the nitrogen partial pressure ranged from 0.005 to 0.995 P/P0, aligning with the nitrogen adsorption and desorption curves. The surface area (SBET) was found to be 1945.72 m2/g with a micropore area of 361.56 m2/g that ensures the material's ability to effectively adsorb small molecules. The nitrogen adsorption behavior on this compound is not only facilitates a deeper comprehension of its textural and structural attributes but also unveils potential applications, especially in pharmaceutical domains. Additionally, Hirschfeld surface analysis was performed, yielding interatomic interaction percentages on the Hirschfeld surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Galvanic plating is one of the most widespread methods of surface treatment of metal parts. The process consists of immersion of modified parts in an electrolytic bath. These processes produce wastewater with a high metal content. One of the methods of reduction metal content in water is sorption on a solid layer. Natural zeolites in natural form, but also in modified form, can be used for these purposes. To be able to design organization of the cleaning process, it is necessary to know the kinetic course of sorption. The article contains the results of laboratory experiments aimed at determining the sorption parameters of the sorption of copper and nickel cations on natural zeolite - clinoptilolite, and on modified Feclinoptilolite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weeds of the species Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton (camalote grass) are highly aggressive in bush competition for sugarcane crops, and these species are increasing their infestations in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, generating impacts on the development of sugarcane plantations and reducing productivity and longevity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the herbicide imazapic in pre-emergence control of the species R. cochinchinensis when applied under conditions with and without sugarcane straw and in different simulations of rainfall. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design. A 2 × 2 × 2 triple factorial design was used, consisting of 2 doses of the herbicide imazapic (105 and 147 g ai ha−1), 2 amounts of straw (0 and 10 t ha−1) and 2 rainfall simulations (10 and 30 mm). With 4 replicates and 4 controls, this factorial being isolated for two soil types (clayey and sandy) and in two germination flows (F1 and F2). The rainfall factor always resulted in higher control performances with the smallest simulated volume of 10 mm, and the amount of straw factor influenced the effectiveness of the control, both in sandy and clayey soils. The highest dose (147 g ai ha−1) showed better control efficacy in clayey soils. The herbicide imazapic showed excellent control until the end of the second flush, with an average dry mass reduction of 92% for R. cochinchinensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the atmospheric water sorption kinetics of a CaCl2 salt-impregnated sorbent derived from waste sugarcane biomass under real-time semi-arid to semi-humid conditions. The samples prepared by impregnating highly porous activated carbon prepared from waste sugarcane bagasse in different salt concentrations of CaCl2 was initially screened based on its water uptake and sorption kinetics. Subsequently, the screened sorbent underwent further characterization to assess its textural properties, surface morphology, thermal stability, functional groups, and density. Under low relative humidity (RH) conditions ranging from 30 to 50%, the sorbent exhibited commendable water uptake ranging between 0.71 and 0.95 g/g, coupled with rapid adsorption and desorption kinetics. The sorbent also demonstrated operational stability over 10 adsorption–desorption cycles. The experimental water uptake data was also fitted using the Linear Driving Force (LDF) model to determine the sorption rate constant and resulted in a very good agreement with the model. Furthermore, at 60 °C, more than 80% desorption was attained, indicating the feasibility of solar-assisted operation. This study highlights the potential of sorbents derived from waste biomass for sustainable AWH applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To fully comprehend each pesticide's behavior and interactions with soil and the environment, a thorough and nuanced analysis of each one is thought necessary. In this study, 10 randomly selected heterogeneous soil samples, each with distinct characteristics, were subjected to sorption trials as well as disintegration tests using biodegradation, hydrolysis, and photolysis. For sorption tests, the batch equilibrium approach was used, which revealed a dependence on the soils' physicochemical characteristics. Bifenthrin's distribution coefficient (Kd) varied from 7.27 to 25.89 μg·ml−1, with R2 values varying from 0.92 to 0.99. Each soil physicochemical characteristic was associated with the various sorptive outcomes, which suggested an exothermic adsorptive reaction based on the negative thermodynamic values. The hydrolysis, soil‐induced biodegradation, and photolysis processes had the shortest half‐lives of bifenthrin, measuring 13.5 days, 12 days, and 121.5 days, respectively. According to these findings, bifenthrin has a moderate amount of binding and stability in soil, which makes partial decomposition of parent and daughter molecules challenging. This research advances our knowledge of bifenthrin's deteriorating processes and aids in the creation of cutting‐edge strategies for ecological restoration using natural processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive and updated review is provided in this article, with a focus on water sorption-based thermochemical storage (WSTCS) materials, covering materials and their manufacturing routes. The state of the art of 22 most relevant salt hydrates is classified into seven groups (bromides, sulphates, carbonates, chlorides, nitrates, hydroxides, and sulphides) and studied as candidates. This is followed by a discussion on TCS material manufacturing, covering both conventional (shaping, pelletizing, etc.) and more advanced routes (e.g., extrusion, 3D printing, encapsulation, etc.). Finally, concluding remarks are presented, including limitations and future potentials for TCS research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer-based composites, due to their versatility and tunable properties, have become essential in sorption, energy storage, and sensing applications. This review explores the fundamental chemistry underlying phase transitions within polymer matrices during composites formation, examining how anisotropic and isotropic fillers influence the mechanical, thermal, and functional properties of polymer-based composites. The role of phase transitions is emphasized as a key factor shaping the composite properties, while porosity is highlighted as a crucial attribute impacting sorption processes (absorption and adsorption) which enhances the utility of these materials in diverse modern applications. The transformations within polymer matrices during composites development and their resultant applications in sorption, sensing, and energy storage are investigated. It is examined how filler types and morphologies affect the porosity and functional performance of polymer-based composites. Future challenges and strategies for advancing the performance and sustainability of these materials are also outlined, offering insights that support ongoing research and development in advanced polymer-based composites. The review provides an analysis of current advancements and also offers guidance for future research, making it valuable for both emerging and established researchers in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the transfer of phosphorus from soil to plants through mycorrhizal fungi, addressing potential pitfalls in using radioisotopes for tracing element fluxes. The study compared high- and low-phosphorus soils, finding no significant differences in pH, organic matter, or total organic phosphorus stocks. The authors conducted sorption tests to assess phosphorus uptake patterns and concluded that the estimated higher phosphorus delivery by mycorrhizal fungi in high-phosphorus soils was likely a conservative estimate. The article highlights the challenges in accurately quantifying phosphorus acquisition and suggests alternative methodologies like using quantum dots for assessing phosphorus transfer in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. [Extracted from the article]

The sorption and photocatalytic activity of pharmaceutical torasemide using an immobilized TiO2 photocatalyst were investigate. The experimental design included optimization of reaction conditions such as pH and initial pharmaceutical concentration in aqueous solution using the response surface modeling approach, scavenger tests to gain insight into the photocatalysis mechanism, and application of the process to more complex water matrices. TiO2 in the role of sorbent showed a low capacity for torasemide (12.23–29.83 μg/g within 24 h of contact), making this type of removal inefficient on its own. Investigating the sorption process influenced by different process parameters such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, and dosage of TiO2 applied, the low tendency to this kind of material was affirmed by low Kd values (0.70 to 6.78 mL/g) obtained by linear isotherms. Photocatalysis proved to be the better choice for the removal of torasemide from water, with the best kinetics at pH 4 and concentration of 5 mg/L with half-time for degradation of 34.83 min. Computational DFT analysis identified the zwitterionic torasemide structure as predominant under neutral and acidic conditions. It also showed that negatively charged areas around nitrogen-containing fragments probably have the highest potential to promote the TiO2 sorption at low pH conditions, where it is highest, through electrostatic attractions and N–H∙∙∙∙∙OTiO2 hydrogen-bonding contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we demonstrate a new all bio-based adsorbent material by treating Enteromorpho prolifera (EP) fibers with tannic acid-ferric chloride complex and then grafting hydrophobic group octadecylamine. All raw materials are easily available, low-cost, and safe. The modified EP fibers have approximately 63.4 g g − 1 of oil absorption and 1.4 g g − 1 of water absorption, which is an 62.8% increase in oil absorption and an 82% increase in hydrophobicity over that of untreated EP fibers, respectively, exhibiting high hydrophobicity and oleophilicity. The affinity discrimination to water and oil enables hydrophobic algae candidate materials to separate oils and water efficiently, both in an oil–water mixture and a water-in-oil emulsion. In summary, the as-synthesized modified EP demonstrates a broad application prospect in the treatment of oil spill accidents and oily wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review examines the advances and applications of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in the field of the extraction of uranium from various sources, focusing on their potential to address critical issues in nuclear fuel cycles. MOFs, characterized by their high surface area, tunable porosity, and chemical versatility, offer a promising alternative to traditional extraction methods. The review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis strategies, functionalization techniques, and adsorption mechanisms of MOFs tailored for uranium capture. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges and future directions in the field, emphasizing the need for scalable production, real-world application testing, and environmental impact assessment. This review aims to highlight the potential of MOFs to improve the sustainability and efficiency of uranium extraction processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An MgH2–anthraquinone carbonization product composite (denoted as MgH2–ACP composites) was successfully prepared through a hydrogenation combustion and mechanical ball-milling method using the original Mg powder to simultaneously achieve modification via in situ-formed amorphous carbon. The amorphous carbon derived from the combustion of carbonic compounds significantly enhanced the hydrogen-absorption and -desorption performances of MgH2. Results revealed that the onset decomposition temperature of the MgH2–ACP composite decreased from 638 K to 587 K in the dehydrogenation stage. Moreover, the MgH2–ACP sample delivered dehydrogenation capacities of 3.525 wt% at 598 K, whereas the as-milled MgH2 decomposed only 0.763 wt% at the same temperature. The activation energies calculated using Kissinger analysis in the dehydrogenation process of MgH2 were lowered by about 57.5 kJ mol−1. For the absorption kinetic measurements at 473 K, the MgH2-ACP sample could uptake about 4.629 wt% of H2 in 3200 s compared to 1.804 wt% taken up by the as-milled MgH2. The in situ-formed amorphous carbon and MgO were confirmed as the active species that contributed to the enhancement of hydrogen-storage properties of the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorption‐based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) has great potential for clean water acquisition and renewable energy use. Adsorption and desorption properties of sorbents play a crucial role in SAWH systems. However, most sorbents with high adsorption capacities are hindered by either slow sorption/desorption kinetics or poor regeneration performance. Here, a highly efficient block copolymer composite sorbent with dual functions of thermo‐responsive and photothermal properties is designed based on rape pollens. This sorbent has a hierarchical porous structure, in which the outermost layer of poly‐pyrrole enables it to convert light energy into heat and the second layer of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) imparts thermo‐responsive properties to improve the desorption ability. Meanwhile, confined LiCl improves its sorption capacity and cavities of the pollen can store captured moisture to avoid liquid leakage. This sorbent can sorb moisture to more than 144% of its own weight within 3 h under 20 °C&80% relative humidity (RH) and 82% of captured water can be released within 0.5 h under 1 sun. The water harvester using this sorbent can realize an exceptional water productivity of up to 2.21gwater gsorbent−1 day−1 only by three continuous water adsorption‐desorption cycles in a day. The high‐performance sorbent smooths the path for efficiently extracting water from the atmosphere to tackle water scarcity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion The rate process of moisture sorption by human hair has been analysed in order to hints for helping deepen knowledge on the hair structure and to explain the behaviour of hair in response to moisture.The isotherms of moisture sorption by hair were recorded, via dynamic vapour sorption (DVS), for untreated (virgin) and treated (heat‐shaped and bleached) hair, as well as for separated cuticle and cortex.By considering that, during moisture uptake, the hair fibres also swell, it is possible to introduce a time‐dependent rate constant for describing the kinetics of the moisture sorption. This model allows for clearly separating the moisture sorption processes occurring in Cuticle and in Cortex and for proposing a role of chain entanglement in the two main compartments of the fibre. It may also provide some hints on the structural changes occurring in the fibre after different cosmetic treatments. The influence of the weight of the sample on the kinetics of the sorption process has also been noted and quantified. The analysis pointed to a transition occurring at around 30% relative humidity, assigned to the opening of the hair inner structure, and accommodation of more water molecules. This allowed for an estimate of the value of the activation energy of the water molecules reacting with the active sites, which was found to be in good agreement with results published in the literature.The analysis of the kinetics of moisture sorption by hair was shown not only to provide information on the chain entanglement inside the fibre and the effect of cosmetic treatments but also to demonstrate and quantify the influence of fibre density on the sorption process. It is thus suggested that, along with examination of the hysteresis, the analysis of sorption kinetics helps reveal a more complete picture of hair moisture management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an ideal carrier for the spread of pollutants in the aquatic environment, microplastics (MPs) can adsorb pharmaceutical β-blockers, which can affect their migration and lead to some unpredictable adverse consequences. In this paper, the sorption behaviors and mechanism of MPs (polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP)) for typical β-blocker metoprolol (MTL) were investigated. The effects of pH, salinity and humic acids (HAs) on the sorption were studied, which proved that the sorption behavior was different under different environmental conditions. Both low pH and high salinity inhibited the sorption of MTL by the MPs. Specifically, the sorption capacity of MTL increased, with pH increase from 3 to 10. When pH = 10, the sorption capacities of MTL on PVC (1.75 mg/g) and PP (3.34 mg/g) reached the maximum. After pH > 10, the amount of MTL adsorbed on PVC was slightly decreased, while that on PP was essentially the same. The addition of salt ions inhibited the sorption in the concentration range of 5–250 mg/g for both NaCl and CaCl2, with the inhibitory effect of Ca2+ being stronger than that of Na+. Moreover, the presence of HAs promoted the sorption of MPs for MTL. In the absence of HAs, the sorption capacities of PP and PVC for MTL were 0.34 mg/g and 0.79 mg/g, respectively. When HA concentration was 100 mg/L, the highest sorption capacities of PP and PVC reached 0.79 mg/g and 1.37 mg/g, respectively. This indicated that the promoting effect of HAs on PP was stronger than that on PVC. In general, based on the study of the sorption behavior of MTL and the characterization of the MPs, the sorption mechanism was speculated to consist mainly of electrostatic interactions, cation exchange, hydrophobic interaction and halogen bonding. The sorption kinetics of MTL on the two MPs were well-fitted by the pseudo-second-order model with R2 > 0.99. The sorption isotherms both fitted the Freundlich model, which substantiated that the sorption of MTL on the MPs (PVC and PP) was multilayered and heterogeneous. Collectively, these findings provided a theoretical basis for revealing the complex interactions between MPs and MTL in natural water and a new insight into the fate and migration of MPs and β-blockers in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an output of more than two million tons of alumina per year, Venezuela is an important producer. As observed, this mining extraction activity generates a large number of by-products poorly valorized for many reasons (economic, technical, and due to environmental standards and regulations) Venezuela production generates wastes (more than 15 million of m3) called red muds, which are dumped in old lagoons near the Orinoco river or stored. This sludge has a high alkalinity (pH between 10 and 13) and a chemical composition containing some heavy metals (40 ppm Cr, 107 ppm La, 178 ppm Ce) that means it is considered environmentally problematic waste. However, their mineralogical, textural and structural characteristics make them adsorption materials. So, the aim of the study presented here was to investigate the sorption properties of these residues in the case of treatment of water from acid mine drainage. In fact, with an important reactive surface, their capacities to trap by adsorption trace elements such as cadmium, lead or zinc has been studied. Batch sorption tests revealed significant retention of contaminants such as Pb, Zn and As. These retention processes were interpreted using the Langmuir isotherm model. The promising first results indicate that the red mud named Venezuelan bauxite residue (VBR) reveals its great potential as a sorbent of inorganic pollutants. The sorption process is chemically dependent and efficient for certain pH and IS ranges. In addition, the material showed a strong affinity for the adsorption of arsenate (As5+). This was observed during post adsorption chemical speciation experiments, through the very high affinity of this element for the least mobile fractions, including oxyhydroxides mobile fractions, including Fe oxyhydroxides (amorphous). Nevertheless, these mining by-products could be considered as valuable absorbent materials. Despite this promising results, further studies are required to evaluate their potential in different conditions (dynamic tests, pH, IS, inorganic and organic contaminants, concentration and time effect). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxic metal ions such as cadmium-Cd(II) and chromium-Cr(VI) are toxic, do not degrade easily in nature, and can cause various disorders and diseases in humans. Removing and monitoring Cd(II) and Cr(VI) ions is necessary for improving water quality. This study aimed to produce an adsorbent from activated carbon of Capsicum annuum and assess its ability to adsorb Cd(II) and Cr(VI) ions from water. The results showed that the adsorbent from C. annuum was porous after its conversion to activated carbon. The pH(PZC) of carbon-based Capsicum annuum was acidic, with a pH of 2.68. The highest capacities for both metal ions were observed at a pH of 1 for Cr(VI) and pH 5 for Cd(II), with capacities of 18.38 and 29.48 mg/g, respectively. The Freundlich sorption model proved to be the most suitable method. The adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) increased when the initial concentrations were raised from 20 and 60 mg/L; thereafter, a decrease was observed. The data showed that the adsorption of Cd(II) was fast and reached a maximum in 40 min, while Cr(VI) increased with time up to 30 min; thereafter, the rate for Cr(VI) decreased, while equilibrium was reached for Cd(II) ions. The temperature effect showed that the adsorption of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) ions reached a maximum at 55 and 45 °C, respectively. The results of enthalpy change (ΔH°) showed that the uptake process was exothermic, while the change in thermodynamic values of Gibbs energy (ΔG°) indicated that the sorption process was spontaneous and achievable. The greatest adsorption capacities for Cd(II) and Cr(VI) ions were 34.34 and 15.24 mg/g, respectively. The activated carbon from C. annuum proved to be effective for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An MgH2–anthraquinone carbonization product composite (denoted as MgH2–ACP composites) was successfully prepared through a hydrogenation combustion and mechanical ball-milling method using the original Mg powder to simultaneously achieve modification via in situ-formed amorphous carbon. The amorphous carbon derived from the combustion of carbonic compounds significantly enhanced the hydrogen-absorption and -desorption performances of MgH2. Results revealed that the onset decomposition temperature of the MgH2–ACP composite decreased from 638 K to 587 K in the dehydrogenation stage. Moreover, the MgH2–ACP sample delivered dehydrogenation capacities of 3.525 wt% at 598 K, whereas the as-milled MgH2 decomposed only 0.763 wt% at the same temperature. The activation energies calculated using Kissinger analysis in the dehydrogenation process of MgH2 were lowered by about 57.5 kJ mol−1. For the absorption kinetic measurements at 473 K, the MgH2-ACP sample could uptake about 4.629 wt% of H2 in 3200 s compared to 1.804 wt% taken up by the as-milled MgH2. The in situ-formed amorphous carbon and MgO were confirmed as the active species that contributed to the enhancement of hydrogen-storage properties of the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly porous metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets have shown promising potential for efficient water sorption kinetics in atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) systems. However, the water uptake of single-component MOF absorbents remains limited due to their low water retention. To overcome this limitation, we present a strategy for fabricating vertically aligned MOF nanosheets on hydrogel membrane substrates (MOF-CT/PVA) to achieve ultrafast AWH with high water uptake. By employing directional growth of MOF nanosheets, we successfully create superhydrophilic MOF coating layer and pore channels for efficient water transportation to the crosslinked flexible hydrogel membrane. The designed composite water harvester exhibits ultrafast sorption kinetics, achieving 91.4% saturation within 15 min. Moreover, MOF-CT/PVA exhibits superior solar-driven water capture-release capacity even after 10 cycles of reuse. This construction approach significantly enhances the water vapor adsorption, offering a potential solution for the design of composite MOF-membrane harvesters to mitigate the freshwater crisis. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown promising potential in water harvesting, but the water uptake of single-component MOFs remains limited. Here, authors fabricate vertically aligned MOF nanosheets on hydrogel membranes to achieve ultrafast water harvesting with high water uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling gas sorption through pore engineering is indispensable in molecular recognition and separation processes. The challenge lies in developing high‐efficiency adsorbents for C3H6/C3H8 separation, specifically enhancing the affinity toward C3H6 for high selectivity while maintaining a large gas uptake to obtain high separation efficiency. Herein, this problem can be addressed by controlling host‐guest interactions using Lewis basic sites modulation. A precise steric design of channel pores using an amino group as additional interacting sites enables the synergetic increase in C3H6 adsorption while suppressing the C3H8 adsorption, resulting in a quasi‐molecular‐sieving effect. Among them, TYUT‐23 has a perfect pore size that fits minimum cross‐sectional dimensions of C3H6, affording exceptional binding affinity for the C3H6 molecule. It adsorbs a large amount of C3H6 (2.5 mmol g−1) and concurrently exhibits both remarkably high IAST selectivity (71) under ambient conditions. Equimolar C3H6/C3H8 breakthrough experiments also prove the prominent separation performance of TYUT‐23 for the production of high‐purity C3H6. The C3H6 adsorption/separation mechanism has been investigated using C3H6‐loaded single‐crystal structure analysis. This material demonstrates the potential of optimizing host‐C3H6 interactions using Lewis basic site modulation in industrial separations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectroscopic ellipsometry method was used for the first time for investigating the thin layers (l < 300 nm) of the poly(n-decyl methyl siloxane) in the atmosphere of the gaseous n-alkanes CH4, C2H6, and C4H10. The ellipsometric measurements have shown that the thickness of a layer of this polymer and the index of refraction of light by it change in the atmosphere of hydrocarbons. Data on the change in the thickness of a poly(n-decyl methyl siloxane) layer made it possible to calculate the isotherms of its swelling and of the sorption of hydrocarbons in it as well as the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter of this polymer. By the change in the index of refraction of light by specimens of the indicated polymer, the densities of the hydrocarbons C2H6 and C4H10, sorbed in it, and the coefficients of their solubility in this polymer at p → 0 were estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of access to drinking water is a problem affecting many regions worldwide. In Santa Fe, Argentina, the population uses groundwater as a source of drinking water. Unfortunately, it has high concentrations of As(V), which makes it unsuitable for consumption. Despite several methods for As(V) quantification and elimination, the high cost and technical difficulties in their implementation make many of them cost-ineffective, especially in small communities. In this work, a hybrid sorbent of magnetite–chitosan spheres (M-Q) is synthesized, and its sorption capacity is evaluated by employing groundwater with high conductivity (12.1 mS/cm) and hardness (1125 mg/L CaCO3) and an As(V) concentration of 0.265 mg/L. A colorimetric analytical technique, which is sufficiently sensitive, simple, and economical to apply, is used for As(V) quantification. The experimental results indicate that the sorption capacity for As(V) removal is 80.1% (sorbent mass 0.466 g, time 85.3 min, and pH 5.9), with the advantage of the capability of being independent of its magnetic properties. The optimal experimental conditions for As(V) sorption (pH, time, and mass of the hybrid sorbent M-Q) are obtained by response surface factorial designs, which significantly reduce the total number of experiments and, at the same time, demonstrate that all the selected variables significantly affect the As(V) sorption percentage (response studied). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study of cadmium removal from nitrate medium using adsorption in calcined mesoporous silica (MCM-C), mesoporous silica doped (MCM_DIOPA), and calcined and impregnated mesoporous silica (MCM@DIOPA), with diisooctylphosphinic acid (DIOPA). The sorbents were synthesized via a sol–gel method. Several characterization techniques, such as XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, N2 sorption and elemental analysis, have been used to determine the main structural, textural, and chemical properties of prepared sorbents. Batch adsorption and kinetics tests were carried out, where the influence of pH and contact time of the sorbents and their role in cation removal were studied. Experimental results show poor sorption efficiencies with MCM-C and MCM_DIOPA at pH 5.85. At the same pH, better cadmium extraction was attained by MCM@DIOPA and was achieved within 30 min. The pseudo-second-order model is the most appropriate model to describe the elimination mechanism of Cd(II) ions. The Langmuir equation was used to model the sorption isotherm and the maximum sorption capacity of Cd(II) is 22.16 mg/g (200 mmol/kg). The complex type of the probable extracted species isCdL2-HL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A is a plastic component, which shows endocrine activity that is detrimental to humans and aquatic ecosystems. The elimination of BPA from the environment is one of the solutions for BPA contaminant management. Adsorption is a cost-effective, easy-to-use method generating low harmful byproducts; nevertheless, contaminant sorbent treatment is a challenge that still needs to be addressed. Fungal fruiting bodies biomass is rarely studied sorbent but is promising due to its high polysaccharide content and availability. Our preliminary studies showed BPA sorption (100 mg/L) by 50 cultivated and wild fungi. The cultivated species: Clitocybe maxima (82%), Pholiota nameko (77%), and Pleurotus columbinus (74%), and wild fungi Cantharellus cibarius (75%) and Lactarius deliciosus (72%) were the most efficient. The biomass was able to sorb BPA over a broad range of temperature and pH levels, with an optimum at 20 °C and pH 7. Although saturation of sorbents was rapid, the regeneration process using ethanol was effective and allowed to recover up to 75% of sorbents' initial efficiency. A single use of 1 g of sorbent would allow the treatment of 8.86 to 10.1 m3 of wastewater effluent, 16.5 to 18.7 m3 of surface water, and 411 to 469 m3 of drinking water, assuming the concentrations of BPA reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel high salinity resistant, high temperature tolerant sulfonate Gemini surfactant (CK-3) for enhanced oil recovery was synthesized and is described. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CK-3 is 7.3 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a surface tension at CMC, γCMC, of 30.88 mN m−1, and a pC20 value of 4.80. Moreover, increasing temperature led to delayed micellization, indicating the superior surface activity inherent in Gemini surfactants. When CK-3 was evaluated as an imbibing agent, an interfacial tension of 8.3 × 10−2 mN m−1 was observed between a 0.3 wt% CK-3 solution and crude oil, facilitated by hydrophobic group interactions which allow crude oil detachment. Finally, CK-3 molecules exhibited stable adsorption on rock walls, influencing wetting reversal. Zeta potential measurements exceeding 30 mV indicated stability. In aged capillary tubes, a 0.3 wt% CK-3 solution exhibited a rise height of 2.9 cm. Imbibition experiments on natural core samples showed a water imbibition efficiency of 8.73 %, compared to a significantly improved efficiency of 50.78 % with a 0.3 wt% CK-3 solution. This study also demonstrated the imbibition process and mechanisms of the CK-3, providing novel insights for the efficient development of unconventional oil reservoirs and the enhancement of crude oil recovery rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes of reagent and sorption removal of iron ions from water were investigated and the efficiency of deironing was evaluated. Lime and biosorbents based on walnut shells were used through experiments. The range of iron ions concentrations from 2 to 100 mg/L was studied. The efficiency of deironing is reached maximum efficiency during biosorbtion. In order to create resource-efficient technologies, it is important to develop effective methods of sludge and spent sorbents utilisation. The sediments formed as a result of reagent and sorption purification of water from iron were utilised in the composition of cement with the consumption 3%. The effect of additives application in cement production was evaluated according to the following properties: normal density, coefficient of water separation, time of hardening, compressive strength at the age of 2 and 28 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of numerous drugs in effluents poses the multiple challenges of removing them from effluents, quantifying them, and developing models to describe the adsorption process. In this manuscript, we present our work on the competitive sorption of sodium cromoglicate (CG) and sodium diclofenac (DF) on crosslinked chitosan particles (C-CHIT). In the Supplementary Material of this manuscript, we provide a method for simultaneously determining the concentrations of these drugs in effluents using trivial UV–Vis spectrophotometric measurements. This method was used to build sorption isotherms for the competitive sorption of these two drugs. Competitive sorption is evident in the sorption isotherms in the form of two regimes: in the first stage, the surface is saturated with CG, and after a sharp discontinuity, adsorption is governed by DF. These ternary solution two-step isotherms can be mathematically described as composed of isotherms derived from the sorption of binary solutions on C-CHIT, with the discontinuity related to their Gibbs free energies of adsorption and lateral interaction parameters. To our knowledge, there are no descriptions of competitive sorption of this kind reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of 90Sr determination in natural waters was tested in this study. The method included the steps of strontium preconcentration by a carbonate-containing zirconium hydroxide (Termoxid-3 K), strontium stripping with 1 M HCl and preparation of a counting source, followed by its measurement using a low background alpha/beta radiometer UMF-2000. Using the described method, we have determined activity concentrations of 90Sr in 16 samples of natural water collected at the territories of Sverdlovsk region and Chelyabinsk region (Middle Urals, Russia) as well as 8 samples from observing wells at a radioactive waste storage facility and 3 samples from observing wells at a point of radioactive waste final disposal. The dependence of strontium chemical yield in the method on calcium concentration and water hardness was determined. It was shown that strontium chemical yield was constant (81 ± 2%) for natural waters with a hardness less than 5.2 mmol/L and calcium concentration less than 76 mg/L; thus, a control of strontium chemical yield is not necessary for such water samples. A decrease of strontium chemical yield to 66.5 ± 1.5% was observed at higher calcium concentrations up to 178 mg/L. The method provided a minimum detectable activity of 90Sr as low as 0.02 Bq/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastic particles (MPs) have been detected in a variety of environmental samples, including soil, water, food, and air. Cellular studies and animal exposures reported that exposure to MPs composed of different polymers might result in adverse effects at the portal of entry (local) or throughout the body (systemic). The most relevant routes of particle uptake into the body are oral and respiratory exposure. This review describes the various processes that may contribute to the adverse effects of MPs. Only MPs up to 5 µm were found to cross epithelial barriers to a significant extent. However, MPs may also exert a detrimental impact on human health by acting at the epithelial barrier and within the lumen of the orogastrointestinal and respiratory tract. The potential for adverse effects on human health resulting from the leaching, sorption, and desorption of chemicals, as well as the impact of MPs on nutritional status and dysbiosis, are reviewed. In vitro models are suggested as a means of (1) assessing permeation, (2) determining adverse effects on cells of the epithelial barrier, (3) examining influence of digestive fluids on leaching, desorption, and particle properties, and (4) role of microbiota-epithelial cell interactions. The contribution of these mechanisms to human health depends upon exposure levels, which unfortunately have been estimated very differently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design integration of absorption and adsorption cooling systems is a recently emerging research field in which the inherent advantages of both these systems are intended to be combined so as to maximize system performance. However, a vast majority of the conventional integration approaches reported in the literature still suffer from the following drawbacks: (a) the inability to provide a continuous cooling effect of the integrated design during the switching period of the adsorption component, (b) the lack of incorporation of the mass/heat recovery cycles and its subsequent effects upon the integrated performance, and (c) the lack of functional dependence of all thermodynamic variables including heat capacities and adsorption enthalpy upon operational parameters such as temperature and pressure. This study presents the first attempt of a numerically validated performance prediction of such an integrated system with parallel functionality to facilitate a continuous cooling operation. An empirical model of mass recovery cycle has been formulated for the very first time which adequately describes the sorption dynamics during mass transfer. All thermodynamic variables have been expressed as functions of operational parameters during the cooling cycle. For a mean driving temperature predicted to be as low as 38 °C and a mean cycle time of 11.82 min, the proposed integrated design has been predicted to yield a cycle-averaged specific cooling power of 48.93 W kg−1 and a minimum achievable coefficient of performance of 0.74 compared to the corresponding values of 27.64 W kg−1 and 0.57 for the benchmark stand-alone silica gel/water adsorption chiller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widely present in Japan's deep subterranean formations, pre-Neogene sedimentary rocks offer an option for high-level radioactive waste (HLW) deep geological disposal due to their favorable properties. However, their barrier properties necessitate further investigation. This research examines the characteristics of pre-Neogene sedimentary rocks, focusing on two rock types: the melange type with a distinct block-in-matrix structure and the sandstone-dominant coherent type. Their ability and mechanism to sorb Cs+ and Eu3+ are assessed, and the differences between the two types are compared. The influence of inorganic carbon in groundwater and the role of clay minerals, such as illite, in the sorption of these metal ions, are highlighted. This investigation lays the groundwork for future studies on migration behaviors of radionuclides, essential for ensuring the long-term safety of HLW geological disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective uranium adsorption in high acidic conditions is essential and extremely challenging. Based on the potential uranium adsorption capacity of phosphazene‐based frameworks, a design of constructing fully heterocyclic covalent phosphazene‐based polymers (CPPs) is proposed by introducing potential coordination structural units rich in Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), and other heteroatoms. The as‐prepared CPP‐N and CPP‐O (CPP‐N/O) with unique ─N═P─NH─C═N‐ and ─N═P─O─C═N─ full heterocyclic structures. Uranium adsorption experiments reveal that under the synergistic coordination of N, O, and other heteroatoms, the saturated sorption capacity of uranium under 1 mol L−1 (M) HNO3 can reach 270 and 275 mg g−1 for CPP‐N and CPP‐O, respectively. The adsorption capacities of CPP‐N and CPP‐O are greater than 130 and 100 mg g−1at 1‐6 M acidity, respectively. Moreover, the selectivity of CPP‐O for uranium under competing ions can reach up to more than 80%. Both CPP‐N/O show stable and excellent uranium adsorption capacity under high acidity, which lays a path for the design and preparation of novel uranium adsorbents applicable to highly acidic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanopores are in dominant positions in tight reservoirs. Recently, global scholars have focused on the role of imbibition in tight reservoirs on the macroscale, which is insufficient for understanding the process and mechanism of imbibition in tight reservoirs on the microscale. Therefore, it is of great significance to adopt a new microscopic research method to study the imbibition of water in micropore and nanopore spaces in tight reservoirs. In this paper, models of the quartz nanopore imbibition effect and water drive oil reservoirs are established through molecular dynamics simulation. Then, the impacts of different factors on the imbibition effect and the roles of this effect in the water drive process are investigated. The results show that the percolation rate of water in the nanopore is related to the temperature, pore size, and wettability. The permeation strength increases with increasing wettability. Warming accelerates the movement of water molecules in the system, thereby increasing the rate of osmosis, enhancing the strength of osmosis, and shortening the time needed for equilibrium. However, the total amount of osmosis remains unchanged. The smaller the pore size is, the stronger the sorption strength. Imbibition plays a dominant role at lower injection rates, and expulsion plays a dominant role as the injection rate gradually increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulation of gas sorption via simple pore modification is crucial to molecular recognition and chemical separation. Herein, a rational pore surface electrostatic modulation in synthetic one dimensioned (1-D) channel is demonstrated to boost ethane/ethylene (C2H6/C2H4) selectivity for one-step extraction of C2H4 from C2H6/C2H4 mixtures. Through the precise modulation of the surface charge arrangement with negatively charged moieties in the 1-D channel of a metal—organic framework (MOF), enhanced C2H6—host framework and decreased C2H4—host framework electrostatic interactions were obtained, which resulted in an obvious improvement in adsorption selectivity. Furthermore, the breakthrough separation performance rendered the obtained MOF an efficient adsorbent for C2H4 purification from C2H6/C2H4 mixture. The combined detail theoretical studies prove that the gas sorption selectivity is remarkably sensitive to framework electrostatic change even in the case of pore surface modification at the atomic level. These results are of fundamental importance to the design of porous materials for challenging separation tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, three starch hydrogels composite prepared using different ratios of starch, citric acid, acrylamide, and MgO nanoparticles (referred to as St1-g-(CA-AM), St2-g-(CA-AM), and St3-g-(CA-AM) MgO). These materials were assessed using FT-IR, SEM, and EDX. The adsorption of 134Cs(I) and 60Co (II) onto these materials studied using radiometric analysis. The investigation focused on how temperature, contact duration, initial metal ion concentration, and pH of the solution affected the sorption efficiency. It is found that a pH value of 7 optimized the adsorption reaction, reaching equilibrium after 40 minutes. The kinetics of the adsorption followed a pseudo-second order model. The Langmuir model adequately explained the sorption mechanism, supported by the analysis of isotherm models. The monolayer adsorption capacities for 60Co (II) and 134Cs (I) were 113.38 and 100.2 mg g−1, respectively. The thermodynamic study indicated that the sorption process is both endothermic and spontaneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neonicotinoids are widely used insecticides that accumulate in various environmental matrixes and potentially harm non-target organisms. However, the mechanism of sorption/desorption of neonicotinoids in different loess soils remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the sorption/desorption of nitenpyram (NIT), a commonly used neonicotinoid, in three different types of loess soils and examined factors influencing the adsorption process using batch experiments. The findings revealed that NIT reached adsorption equilibrium in 4 h in all three loess soil samples. The R2 value (> 0.898) obtained from fitting the sorption/desorption kinetics indicated a good match with the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting the involvement of multiple mechanisms, including chemisorption. The linear and Freundlich models also adequately described the sorption of NIT in loess soils. Additionally, a clear hysteresis phenomenon was observed. The adsorption capacity of NIT is significantly related to the adsorption temperature, solution pH and ionic strength. Upon increasing the initial concentration, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of NIT for gray-cinnamon soil, sierozem, and cultivated loessial soil increased from 3.56, 2.51, and 2.64 mg/kg to 8.49, 3.92, and 5.22 mg/kg, respectively. FTIR spectral analysis revealed that the adsorption of NIT in loess soil was primarily governed by mixed mechanism. This study elucidates the behavior and fate of NIT in soil–water systems in the Northwest, while also establishing a foundation for assessing its ecological risks. The findings have significant practical implications for the future development of environmental management and pollution control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to its uncomplicated synthetic methodology and exorbitant market demand, malachite green is widely used in numerous industries, particularly as a fungicide in aquaculture. Considering its intrinsic toxicity and potential long-term health impacts, deployable and cost-effective strategies must be developed for eliminating water-soluble malachite green. In this study, chemically activated phosphogypsum, a byproduct of fertilizer production, was used to remove malachite green from an aqueous system. Due to its low cost and abundance, the use of phosphogypsum as a sorbent material may significantly reduce the cost of adsorption-based processes. Moreover, its structural durability allows efficient recycling without significant deformation during reactivation. However, untreated phosphogypsum exhibits minimal efficiency in adsorbing synthetic dyes due to its unfavorable surface chemistry. Our investigation revealed that Zn activation induced a noticeable increase in pore volume from 0.03 to 0.06 cm3·g−1. A 60 mg·L−1 sorbent dose, pH 7, 150 r·min−1, and operational temperature of 30 °C produced 99% quantitative sorption efficiency. Response surface methodology and artificial neural network were used to optimize process parameters by validating experimental values. No detectable toxicity was observed in Escherichia coli when exposed to the treated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Organic solvent reverse osmosis (OSRO) is an emerging and promising technology for the separation of organic mixtures, which is realized by differential transport rates of organics through polymer membranes. However, the solvent transport characteristics and separation mechanism within OSRO systems remain unclear. Herein, we investigate the solvent transport behavior in polymer membranes with intrinsic microporosity by combining nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations with solvent permeation examinations. The results indicate that organic molecules permeate through the micropores in a clustered state driven by both pressure and concentration gradients. The selectivity of solvents is co‐determined by their sorption and diffusion in the swollen polymer membranes with a microporous character. The sorption selectivity is predominant in the overall selectivity toward polar ethyl ether/n‐butanol separation, whereas diffusion selectivity is more critical in nonpolar 1,3,5‐triisopropylbenzene/toluene separation. Generally, this work provides valuable insights into the development of next‐generation OSRO membranes for solvent separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]