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This essay discusses the current state of research on the origins and textual history of early Jewish literature in light of three recently published books. On the one hand, the current practice of textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible, well presented in the standard handbook of the topic, is anchored in relatively traditional views on the origins of biblical books. On the other hand, two studies challenge current ideas about the ontology and materiality of ancient Jewish literature. An analysis of the Serekh ha-Yahad scrolls reveals that usual models of textual growth cannot account for the entirety of the intricate textual history of certain compositions. A material-historical perspective suggests that, before the Hellenistic period, literary works existed in the form of collections of scrolls, which has potentially profound implications for understanding how these collections became books. Whether conservative or innovative in outlook, these books show that theory and practice are inextricably linked in the field of textual criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A projective variety whose Gauss map has positive dimensional fibres corresponds to a special kind of scroll called Gaussian. A Gaussian scroll is a member of a canonical derived Gaussian flag. We introduce a duality in the class of Gaussian scrolls and flags and study its consequences. In particular, a Gaussian scroll is dual to the derived or tangent developable scroll of a Gaussian scroll in the dual projective space, and is the 'leading edge' or antiderived scroll of its derived stationary scroll. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Film has a long history of spectral association, from the possibilities of projection, the dancing image that hangs in the air, to the translucence of the media itself. Taking inspiration from a Japanese animation, Michael Chapman, Professor and Chair of Architecture and Industrial Design at Western Sydney University, has created a series of works that seek to fill in the haunted blanks and uncanny parallaxes that exist between the space we view and perceive in the filmic sequence and an 'objective' reality of that architecture. He uses some of the compositional protocols of the traditional scroll and machinery to produce his proposal – a parallel world that haunts the absences and holes within the original. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novels of Michel Houellebecq and the Five Scrolls in the Jewish Scriptures are mutually illuminating in their portrayal of human life in the context of a secular or post-secular world with its wistfulness about meaning and about God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the identification and correction of the Nakkali of Shahnameh scrolls have greatly impacted the view of Shahnameh-scholars toward the scrolls. The findings indicate that the Nakkali scrolls were not just a product of the mind and imagination of the bards; even in some cases, the scrolls date back to the pre-Islamic or, at times, the Islamic era preceding the compilation of the Shahnameh, by Hakim Abulqasem Ferdowsi. On the other hand, the corrected Nakkali scrolls differed in language and style from what the bards recited in a bardic assemblage. Consequently, the correction of the Nakkali scrolls should be done in a specialised manner and in accordance with the correct scientific standards so that the results could lead to a better understanding of the scrolls and their sources. Edited by Jalil Doostkhah and published in 1396 [2017], Shahnameh Nakkalan is among the best researched Nakkali Shahnameh scrolls. This article investigates Shahnameh Nakkalan from two perspectives: the first part will explore the mistakes and contradictions of the author, Murshid Zariri, and the second part conducts a thorough investigation of Jalil Doostkhah's editing methodology. This critique concludes that both the authorship and curation have been unfaithful to some sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmene is recently defined as 2D arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles, which could be fabricated by the bottom‐up self‐assembly approach and demonstrated a wide range of applications in sensing, energy harvesting, nanophotonics and encryption. Herein, this work further demonstrates a 3D helical plasmonic nanostructures that can be fabricated from 2D plasmene nanosheet. Inspired by chocolate curls‐making process, a micro‐spatula‐based strategy is developed to selectively scrape substrate‐supported plasmene to free space, which spontaneously folds the plasmene nanosheet into various complex helical nanostructures with controlled dimensions. 3D nanospirals can also be obtained by focus ion beam (FIB)‐based lithography on free‐standing plasmene. Helical plasmene structures are robust, exhibiting elastic mechanical properties and chiral optical response. This methodology represents a versatile fabrication route combining both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches to create soft plasmonic helical structures for potential applications in next‐generation flexible nanophotonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested that a number of textual variants in the Bethany account in John 11:1, 2, 3, 5; 12:2 suggest that Martha was not originally present but was interpolated at a later stage to minimize the importance of Mary. This article will argue that these variants are best explained not by a theory of interpolation but by a general tendency to downplay the role of women and by subsequent attempts to harmonize the text to the immediate context. In particular, we will see that an alteration to 11:1 defined Martha by her relationship to her male relative (Lazarus) rather than to her sister Mary and inadvertently created tensions with 11:2-3. This led to later adjustments that we see in the text, in particular in P66. This article makes a contribution to the subject of textual variants that suppress women, a topic that will require more research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As regularly noted, the Freer-Logion has not often been studied until today. Its reference by Jerome in Pelag. 2.15 is mentioned, but New Testament scholars have overlooked its first modern commentator, Erasmus, until three 2022 and 2023 articles by Krans, Yi, and Burnet. As a next step, this article presents the first French and English translations of the complete Annotationes of Erasmus on Mark 16:14 next to the Latin text edited by Hovingh (2000). We demonstrate that his philological notes are particularly fruitful for understanding the history of Mark's ending. Using the term coronis, in the sense of the end of a given unit, Erasmus asserts that the sentences quoted by Jerome have been inserted into chapter 16 and may have come from an apocryphal source. We suggest that the addition after Mark 16:3 in VL 1 can also be seen as a coronis inserted in Mark 16. Finally, we discuss the κορωνίς drawn at the end of Mark in GA 032: this editorial decoration adds supplementary evidence for a fifth-century date for the copy of Mark in W, as proposed by Orsini (2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study catalogs and categorizes the scribal corrections found in the earliest fragmentary Greek New Testament manuscripts (second-fourth/fifth centuries). Although corrections are normally identified and discussed by manuscript editors, this analysis gathers such evidence from a wide range of artifacts in order to observe relevant trends in scribal habits across the group as a whole. Corrections are identified in the earliest 114 fragmentary manuscripts of the New Testament, including papyri and parchment. These corrections are then categorized and discussed, with attention given to the copying process, text-critical evidence, and the identity of the correctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This contribution aims to reconsider some early Qurʾānic parchment scrolls once stored in Damascus Qubbat al-khazna and currently preserved in Istanbul – at the Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts. Their peculiar book form, apart from vague hypothesis, never received a convincing explanation. However, the production of Greek-Byzantine liturgical scrolls in Damascus up to the tenth century offers a meaningful precedent that sheds light on the provenance and the origin of these scrolls. Codicological techniques, bilingual – Greek-Arabic – witnesses and oral performances are some of the elements that link the Christian and Islamic scrolls production in the Syrian area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the restoration of painted artworks, the colour characterisation is a fundamental analysis to address the choice of suitable materials for the recovery and the consolidation of the painting layers. In this paper, we present a diagnostic study on a unique Japanese painted paper handscroll (emakimono), dated back between the late Edo (1603-1867) and the early Meiji (1868- 1912) periods, preserved at the Museum of the Civilisation- Prehistoric Ethnographic Museum "Luigi Pigorini" in Rome (Italy). The artwork required an urgent restoration and the consolidation of the entire structure. In order to define specific interventions, non-destructive measurements by means of Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) X-Rays Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) were carried out on the artefact. The results allowed the identification of the colour palette used for tests on the chromaticity and the efficacy of the proper consolidants to employ in the restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the Flat Land Yao (Pingdi Yao,平地瑶) people's ancestor worship reflected in the Meishan scroll paintings which were discovered in Shuibin village, Guanyin township, Gongcheng Yao Autonomous District, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China in 1984. The Yao people believed that Meishan was not only their ancestral habitation located in ancient central Hunan, but also the pure land for the ancestors' souls. For the long migration duration and the unfavourable preservation environment, the existing number of Meishan scroll paintings of Flat Land Yao is small, and the two sets of scrolls in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous District are rare art works in the series. The dress style, decoration, generation names of the ancestors, and the skills of the painters reflected that the Flat Land Yao people had absorbed the culture of the surrounding nationalities, especially the Han culture. Confucianism also had an important influence on the Flat Land Yao. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter provides an overview of some of the materials used to write and decorate different types of manuscripts, i.e. inks, pigments and dyes, and of the different scientific methods and techniques available for their analysis and characterisation. The target audience is not only made of scientists but also curators, conservators, students and practitioners who want to know more about the technical examination of manuscripts and wish to appreciate the context of the scientific analysis of this type of objects. The possible types of approach to the scientific investigation of manuscripts are discussed, and the most frequently used analytical techniques are grouped according to their level of invasiveness and destructiveness. The chapter also contains a quick guide to some of the main questions that may arise about manuscripts, and explains how scientists can help to address them. Finally, a general protocol for the scientific analysis of manuscripts is illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on a fragmentary copy of Exodus from Qumran that has not so far received sufficient attention—4Q11 (4QpaleoGen-Exodl). The paper proposes a material reconstruction of the scroll and discusses its contribution to the textual classification of the scroll. Although 4Q11 apparently reflects the short literary form of MT and LXX Exodus, which does not include the major expansions characteristic of the pre-Samaritan tradition, an examination of individual readings reveals that the scroll includes some minor exegetical variants. Thus, 4Q11 demonstrates the necessity of exploring the scribal approach reflected in scriptural Qumran scrolls, in addition to their classification into textual traditions. Only such a holistic investigation can allow for an improved understanding of the text and processes that took place during its transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the transcription of two unpublished scrolls written in Soldaia (today Solgat, Crimea) in September 1276. They are kept in the Archives of Pisa's Charterhouse. Both scrolls are of particular interest as they provide evidence of the presence of traders from Pisan in Soldaia and their trade with Acri, Constantinople and the coast of Asia Minor. They are also very rare examples of original acts drawn up in one of the Black Sea settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to interpret the liturgical role of a rare form of horizontal scrolls found in the Cairo Genizah. These liturgical fragments all share a unique combination of features: the scrolls follow the Palestinian textual and codicological tradition, focus exclusively on holiday prayer services, and incorporate a very narrow selection of liturgies based entirely on biblical passages and psalms. It is suggested that these liturgical scrolls may represent an early form of prayer books -- an intermediate phase between Scriptural scrolls used in liturgical context and standard prayerbooks, emerged at times when only biblical liturgy was recorded in writing. Alternatively, the scrolls may be counted among other biblical scrolls used publicly for liturgical purposes (such as Haftarah and Targum scrolls), and might have served for the ceremonial reading of liturgical passages of special significance to the Palestinian prayer tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows how attention to the dynamics surrounding production and revision of ancient Near Eastern scrolls can help scholars develop better models for the development and early use of the Bible. Though pioneers pursing such a scroll approach were confined to limited data in the Bible and rabbinic literature, we now have a wealth of data on scrolls from Egypt, Levantine sites like Deir ʿAlla, and Qumran. After discussing the use of scrolls for ancient literary compositions, the article illustrates how this information can reframe and inform analysis of the Pentateuch's formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carolee Schneemann's performance Interior Scroll has become iconic in twentieth‐century art history, yet little attention has been directed towards the artist's uncommonly active management of her work's reception and historicization. Schneemann seized the opportunities created by contemporary art's expanding publishing culture to document and disseminate her work as a professional artist, and communicated with a coterie of writers, curators and historians to generate a space for her work in the art‐historical archive. This point of agential labour was essential for a woman artist working prior to, and alongside, the emergence of second‐wave feminism. In this essay Schneemann's insistence on 'clutter' and 'mess' is adopted as a means of conceptualizing the artist's passionate and persistent incursions within art history. It proposes Interior Scroll as a keystone for understanding Schneemann's extensive multimedia outputs, by reading the performance and its reception in relation to the framework of écriture féminine, a popular notion in poststructuralist feminist philosophy at the time of the work's production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on insights from the field of Book History, the article draws out connections between the material aspects of the Qumran corpus on the one hand and textual pluriformity on the other, paying particular attention to the Serekh ha-Yaḥad. The article suggests that the large-scale pluriformity exhibited by texts such as the Serekh is best understood in light of certain material features particular to skin scrolls, and that opisthographs ought to be integrated into discussions of textual pluriformity. The article concludes by offering more general comments about the effects of the scroll on writing and reading practices in early Judaism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has intensely impacted art production and the art market all around the world. This is dramatically visible inside the Patua or Patachitra communities in Medinipur, West Bengal, where Patachitras’ scrolls characterise the economy of folk-art communities in the so-called villages of painters. Patachitras’ singing pictures belong to an ancestral tradition of storytelling and performing art. For centuries, new themes have been embodied inside the Patuas’ repertoire, creating a living heritage that has always reflected the political, religious, cultural, and social main events and, ultimately, COVID-19. Resilience has always been an important component of this heritage, as social changes and new kinds of entertainment have changed the audience addressed and the performances’ function. In the last few decades, the role of travelling artists has resisted and been readapted to the global art market by approaching art fairs and festivals both inside and outside the villages. Now, the impact of COVID-19 on the economy of these artists has been severe, as art fairs and exhibitions have been cancelled, and lockdown orders have stopped tourism and travels, significantly reducing their income. Thus, new approaches and virtual spaces of exhibiting are being experimented with to support the survival of these artists and keep the performances’ essence alive. This article aims to address how the pandemic has affected Patuas’ art market and production both from an economic and social perspective. The difficulties encountered due to the restrictive measures and the impossibility of performing will be analysed through an empirical approach. Based on telephonic interviews conducted with 30 hereditary Patuas from Naya between April 2020 to April 2021 as part of the project “Folk Artists in the Time of Coronavirus”, the article hopes to shed light on the impact of the pandemic on hereditary, performing castes in India, which might mirror the experiences of similar groups in the rest of South Asia. The article will also try to outline the future perspectives for the art market of these folk artists. The article consists of two parts: the first traces the transformative journey of Patachitra and Patachitrakars, and the second focuses on the impact of the pandemic through deploying the concepts of precarity, precariousness, and resilience.

Unlike any other group or philosophy in ancient Judaism, the yaḥad sect obliged all members of the sect to leave their places of residence all over the country and gather in the sect’s central site to participate in a special annual ceremony of renewal of the covenant between God and each of the members. The increase of the communities that composed the sect and their spread over the entire country during the first century BCE required the development of the appropriate infrastructure for hosting this annual gathering at Qumran. Consequently, the hosting of the gathering became the main function of the site, and the southern esplanade with the buildings surrounding it became the epicenter of the site.

Let C be an integral and projective curve; and let C ′ be its canonical model. We study the relation between the gonality of C and the dimension of a rational normal scroll S where C ′ can lie on. We are mainly interested in the case where C is singular, or even non-Gorenstein, in which case C ′ ≇ C . We first analyze some properties of an inclusion C ′ ⊂ S when it is induced by a pencil on C. Afterwards, in an opposite direction, we assume C ′ lies on a certain scroll, and check some properties C may satisfy, such as gonality and the kind of its singularities. At the end, we prove that a rational monomial curve C has gonality d if and only if C ′ lies on a (d - 1) -fold scroll. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood and bleeding and their related themes have long been rooted in human spirit and have had a decisive influence on Iranian and world culture. Themes and beliefs such as the sacrifice of human beings and animals, the rituals and beliefs that involve it, the killing of the holy people and its effect on human destiny, the bloodlust of the bleeding woman, blood spilling on the stone for the suppression of magic, the death of a sacred animal and those reflected in the history of Siavash, Iraj, Sohrab and Esfandiar in Shahnameh and finally the narrative petitions and oral narratives about the national epics are reflected and rooted in myths and branches in popular beliefs. In this research, using stories and other sources, first of all, popular beliefs about blood and its contents are examined at narrative plan, then the method of content analysis has been used and the desired samples have been compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we would like to examine an area of onomastics that has not received much scholarly attention. We aim to provide an adequate linguistic analysis of the place-names found in The Elder Scrolls (ES) video game series. For our analysis, we rely chiefly on the methods of linguistic statistics, which have not yet gained widespread use in onomastic research. Our goal is to give a boost to linguistic and onomastic research into video games and to develop related aspects of its research methodology. Two main methods of place-name formation can be observed in our results: one is when the fictional names are coined on the basis of the lexical elements of already existing non-fictional languages (we call these mimetic names), and the other is when the game developers create so-called speaking names. In our article we demonstrate that the toponyms of the ES universe in part conform to the conventions of non-fictional place-name formation (e.g. they can be sorted into the two main categories of habitative names and topographical names), and in part they contradict such conventions, because around 14 percent of the names we analyzed are purposefully coined as semantically obscure toponyms, which does not happen in the case of non-fictional names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]